【作者】 杨运贵；

【导师】 王慈光；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 交通运输规划与管理， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 铁路车站能力是车站各项设备作业情况的综合体现,是进行科学决策的依据,正确地查定和计算车站能力对于充分利用车站技术设备和提高车站运输生产效率具有十分重要的意义。随着我国社会经济的飞速发展和综合国力显著增强,我国城市化水平和人们的物质文化生活水平得到了极大的提高,运输需求在数量上迅速增长,在质量上对运输条件和运输时效性、准确性的要求不断提高。铁路旅客运输表现出快速化、公交化、高频率等特征,铁路货物运输的集中化、重载化表现突出,货物结构也从以往大批量、‘少品种、原材料、初加工货物逐步转变为小批量、多品种、半成品、制成品货物。铁路为应对客货运输需求的变化,也在不断的深化自身改革,调整运输策略,扩大网络规模,转变经营理念,引进先进技术和管理手段,积极主动的进行铁路市场营销工作。铁路自身的转变体现车站运营组织工作中,表现出复杂化、随机性、非均衡性等新特征,打破以往的基于计划经济和均衡运输的铁路运输模式,从而使传统的车站作业组织方法和能力计算方法、体系也要作出相应的改进。针对上述问题,本论文构建了一套车站能力查定和计算的理论与方法,以原始数据为基础,以计算方法为核心,以计算机为手段,以期正确地获取车站现有能力,为铁路能力查定寻求一种更为有效的途径。本论文研究内容涵盖以下要点:车站能力是对车站设备及其运用过程而言的。从车站设备运用和能力利用角度对车站设备体系进行分类,特别是根据设备占用过程的不同将固定设备分为通过设备和停留设备,得到与之对应的车站设备能力体系;微观上明确设备占用过程就是移动设备在固定设备上通过或停留的过程,定义了设备占用序列、设备占用时间序列、设备占用图、设备占用实迹图等相关概念;宏观上明确了车站能力定义、影响因素、查定流程、计算方法等。从根本上讲车站进路占用过程和技术作业过程、设备占用过程总体上是同一个过程,而前者是联系后二者的纽带,确定以进路为单位的“进路别作业信息”作为现有车站能力的原始数据采集对象。明确以车站微机联锁系统为原始数据来源,严格定义了采集或转换通过能力和改编能力数据的各种表格,包括“咽喉道岔组和到发线原始数据表”、“咽喉道岔组占用过程数据表”、“到发线占用过程数据表”和“驼峰和尾部原始数据表”等,并在附录中给出了实例。基于车站设备占用过程时间序列及其空闲时间序列分析,提出了设备能力计算的图解插值法。此法综合图解法和分析计算法的优点,以设备能力的充分利用为目标,以实际查定的设备占用过程时间序列和空闲时间序列为基础,通过确定插入占用时间、执行插入占用流程以及由线性规划模型调整插入结果,最终获得咽喉通过能力和到发线通过能力。与利用率法相比,图解插值法不需对设备占用过程作出线性假设,也不需对空费系数进行人为设定,体现了日常运输的不均衡性和设备占用的不确定性,因而更加符合实际。改编能力方面,定义调车场集结能力的概念并提出调车线集结能力的车分钟利用率计算法。分析了车站能力查定原始数据的误差及其来源；基于组成分析法,定义车站进路广义集合及其分布函数、复杂度的概念,对车站作业复杂性进行了分析计算；构建了表示车站接发车不均衡性的不均衡图表、离散度、不均衡度等指标及其计算方法；明确了由于车站作业客观存在的不确定性而使得车站能力测定也存在客观的波动性。因此,车站能力区间估计比点估计更具优越性。在图解插值法计算车站设备能力和分别设定了车站能力的总体、先验信息、样本信息及其分布函数的基础上提出了车站设备能力的贝叶斯区间表示法。在上述方法的研究中,都配以具体实例验证了方法的有效性,得到了相应指标。开发设计了“车站通过能力查定信息系统”软件,将论文有关研究成果综合集成于该系统中,实现了数据采集、数据录入、数据分析、数据转换等数据处理功能,得到各项设备占用过程序列,统计汇总各项设备的占用次数和占用时间,计算出车站的咽喉通过能力、到发线通过能力和车站通过能力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Railway station capacity is the comprehensive representation of the whole operation of the station equipments and is the reference for scientific decision-making. For the sake of making full use of the station equipments and enhancing efficiency of transport production, it is very important to rightly investigating, calculating and determining station capacity. Along with the flying development of the society and economy and the obvious increasing of the comprehensive national strength, the level of china urbanization and living of people get a great advancement. The transport demand has a large increasing in quantity and a higher desire for transport condition, transport timing and transport accuracy in quality. The railway passenger transit expresses characteristics as centralization, high-speed and high-frequency. The railway freight trains become more and more heavier. The railway departments take many innovations to accommodate the change of transport demands such as adjusting transport strategies, extending railway network, changing management ideas, introducing advanced technology and management measures. Along with the transforms of china railway, the management and organization of railway station become more and more complex, random and imbalanced. The new circumstances break the old railway transport mode which is based on planned economy and balanced transport. The traditional railway station operation organization method and capacity calculation method could not adapt the new problems.To solve the above problems, the dissertation constructs a series of theories and methods to investigating, calculating and determining station capacity. In order to obtain the accurate station capacity, the theories take the original data as foundation, take the calculation methods as cores, take the compute as the means. The summary is as follow:The railway station capacity is discussed with the station equipments and their using process. Based on using process use and the capacity utilizing, the station fixed equipments are classify into passing equipment and staying equipment. In micro side, the equipment using process is specified as the moving equipments pass through or stay at the fixed equipments and the concepts are defined such as equipment occupying sequence, equipment occupying time sequence, equipment occupying diagram, equipment occupying trail diagram etc. In macro side, it specifies the definition of station capacity system, impact factors of station capacity, flow chart of investigating and determining station capacity, calculation methods of station capacity.In the mass, the route occupying process, technical operation process and equipment occupying process are the same process. The first process could be the contact of the behind two processes. Taking the route and its "route operation information" as the unit to collect original data, it specifies the station microcomputer interlock system as the data source. Many tables are strictly defined to collect or converse passing capacity and reorganizing capacity data such as "throat switch group and track original data table", "throat switch group occupying process table", "track occupying process table", "hump and trail original data table"Based on the analysis of equipment occupying time sequence and equipment idle time sequence, the paper puts forward to a method to calculate station equipment capacity called "diagram inserting time method". The method sets the completely utilizing of equipments as the target and can finally obtains the throat passing capacity and the track passing capacity through making sure a effective inserting time, executing the process of inserting time and adjusting the results by a linear programming model established in the paper. Comparing with the utilizing rate method, diagram inserting time method needs not to presume the equipment occupying is a linear process and set the idle-waste coefficient artificially. It is in keeping with the regulations of imbalanced normal transport and uncertain equipment occupying, so it is more practical. For reorganizing capacity, congregating capacity has been defined for shunt yard and a method called "wagon-minute utilizing rate method" is put forward to calculate the capacity.The paper analyzes the original data errors and their sources. Based on constitution analysis method, the concepts of station route general aggregation, distribution function and complexity degree are defined to analyze station operation complexity. Some indexes and the methods have been proposed to express the station receiving-departuring train imbalance such as imbalance chart, degree of dispersion and degree of imbalance. Because of the impersonal randomness of station operations, the station capacity also has its randomness. The interval notation of station capacity is more scientific than point notation. Based on the Bayesian Statistics interval estimator method, and after setting the collectivity information, priori information and sample information, the bayesian interval notation of station capacity and its calculation method have been constructed.Also software of station passing capacity calculation system is developed, which integrates some research results of the paper, can help to input data, analyze data, converse data, gains occupying process sequences of the station equipments, figures out occupying amount and occupying amount of the station equipments, finally calculates the throat passing capacity, track passing capacity and the station passing capacity.更多还原