【作者】 宋雪雁；

【导师】 王萍；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 情报学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 学者对于用户信息行为的研究漫长而久远,研究领域日益丰富,研究的方法工具也越来越多样化。但是尽管学者们不断吸收其他学科的理论和方法,把信息行为研究推向新的高度,研究的问题域并没有很大突破。本文希望能开拓新的研究视角,并为信息生产、传播和服务等实践活动提供参考。本研究在对国内外信息行为研究的概念、问题域、理论模型和研究范式综述的基础上,界定了“信息采纳”的内涵,之后依据图式理论、意义建构理论、期望理论和技术采纳理论,从分析用户信息行为的机理入手,考察了影响用户信息采纳行为的主体因素、客体因素和社会因素,以Venkatesh et al.所建立的技术接受与利用综合模型(UTAUT)作为基础框架,构建了“信息采纳行为模型(IABM)”,提出了研究假设,根据研究设计的调查问卷收集到的数据,使用PASW17.0和AMOS17.0作为统计和验证工具,对“信息采纳行为模型(IABM)”进行了验证分析和评价,分析了各外部变量对信息采纳行为意向的影响,探讨了绩效期望、易用期望、社会影响、促进条件以及风险认知五个因素对用户的信息采纳行为意向以及信息采纳行为意向对实际的信息采纳行为是否存在影响以及影响的程度,根据分析结果,对理论模型进行了修正,确定了本研究最终的理论模型架构,并应用该模型架构(IABM)探讨了信息选择评价行为和信息整合吸收行为,提出了信息行为的引导机制和优化机制,从用户信息素养和信息技能提高的角度,以提高信息活动和信息服务的效率为目标,通过实现对信息行为的有效引导和优化,更有效地追求能够实现信息活动目标的策略和途径。在对信息选择评价的研究中,在阐释了信息判断的方法、信息判断的内容以及信息判断过程等用户信息判断基本问题的基础上,分析了价值匹配原则、最小努力原则和结果满意原则等信息选择的三种原则以及有限理性、路径依赖、首因效应和近因效应四种信息选择特点,提出了用户进行信息选择的三种模式和信息评价的四种标准。其中三种模式包括理性选择模式、行为选择模式和实践选择模式,并对这三种模式逐一进行了探讨。理性选择模式以逻辑和经济性见长,但是恰恰是这一特性暴露出了该模式的弱点,因为现实中用户的信息选择往往不完全合乎理性的要求;行为选择模式力求突破理性选择模式的局限,而实践选择模式则将理性选择模式和行为选择模式的特点结合起来。四种信息评价标准包括信息质量标准、效用标准、易用性标准和参照标准。信息评价活动中,信息用户所选取的信息评价标准不同,评价的结果也各不相同。有些评价标准的影响比其他评价标准的影响更大。最终,信息评价标准的突出性是由信息用户所处情境以及所面临的任务的重要性决定的。在这一部分研究中,还对影响用户信息评价的因素进行了论述。在对信息整合吸收的研究中,主要分析了信息吸收的过程:信息反映、信息复述、信息编码、信息内化和信息存储。并且根据不同的标准,分析了本研究中两种不同的信息吸收层级划分方式。作为一种认识活动,信息吸收是一个连续完整的认识过程,是信息用户依据自身知识结构,运用已有的思维模式,对获取信息的各独立成份做出理解和解释、进行摄取和采纳,使信息内容由表层认同到深层挖掘、内化的渐进过程。在这一过程中,存在着各种内在的和外部的因素影响着信息吸收的效率和效果,这些因素包括信息环境与语义因素、信息组织因素、信息需求因素、认知与能力因素以及非理性心理因素等。在对信息行为引导机制的研究中,首先以论述用户信息行为的引导原则为基点,分别分析了引导机制的客体、主体,探讨了信息行为引导的主要内容以及信息行为引导的三项功能,然后讨论了引导用户信息行为的模式,并根据Petty和Cacioppo的阐释可能性模型,分析了引导用户信息行为的两种路径:中心路径和周边路径,这两种路径体现了信息用户对待信息行为引导的态度形成过程,由不同的动机所驱动,在促使信息用户态度和行为意向的改变时也有不同的因素和机制。在对信息行为优化策略的研究中,提出了基于“系统观”的三项信息行为优化原则。在此基础上,分别论述了信息环境的优化、行为主体——即信息用户的优化和信息服务的优化。信息活动效率的提升和结果的优化需要将信息活动的双方与环境要素作为一个整体系统地进行优化,从而实现信息活动的最终目标。任何单方面的改进都是不完全的和片面的。最后,陈述了研究的主要结论,对未来信息行为领域的研究趋势进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Research on information behavior is far-flung and agelong, its domains are increasingly abundant, its methods and measures are more and more diversified. Although scholars draw on theories and methods from other disciplines constantly , push the information behavior research to the new highness, the problem domain of information behavior research is not broken through greatly. Bases on summarizing the conception, problem domains, theoretical models as well as research paradigms on internal and overseas information behavior research ,the author elucidates the concept of“information adoption”,and goes on“Schema Theory”,“Sense-making Theory”,“Expectancy Theory”and“Technology Adoption Theory”, analyzes mechanism of consumers’information behavior ,reviews subjective, objective and social effective factors, uses the“Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT)”presented by Venkatesh et al. as foundational frame , constructs“Information Adoption Behavior Model (IABM)”,puts forward the tentatives, uses PASW17.0 and AMOS17.0 as statistic and validatory tools to prove and appraise IABM according to the collected data by questionnaire , analyzes how exterior variables affects intent of information adoption behavior, discusses whether“Performance Expectancy”,“Effort Expectancy”,“Social Influence”,“Facilitating Conditions”and“Perceived Risk”have effect on intent and actual behavior of information adoption and the extent of that, in terms of analysis outcome, modifies the IABM, confirms the final theoretical model which is ulteriorly applied to discuss information selecting and evaluating behavior and information integrating and absorbing behavior and be the foundation of presenting the inducting and optimizing mechanism of information behavior, which aim for advancing efficiency of information activity and information service from the perspective of improving users information literacy and skills, pursue the strategies and approaches of achieving information activities goals via implementing an effective guide and optimization for information behavior.In the part of research on information choosing and evaluating, based on explaining the methods, content and process of information estimate , the author analyzes three principles of information choosing including value-matching, least effort, outcome satisfaction and four characteristic including limited logos, path-dependence, primacy effect and recency effect; puts forward and discusses three modes of users’information choosing and four criteria of information evaluating. The modes of information choosing involve logos-based choosing mode, behavior-based choosing mode and practice-based choosing mode. Logos-based choosing mode is accomplished in logic and economical quality which are also its limitations, because in practice users’information choosing usually don’t conform with rational; behavior-based choosing mode strives to break through the insufficiency logos-based choosing mode, and practice-based choosing mode combines both of them. Criteria of information evaluating involve quality, efficacy, ease of use and reference. In the process of information evaluating, the criteria users selecting are different, the result of evaluating are accordingly dissimilar. Some criteria have more effect on information evaluating than others. Finally, the markedness of evaluating criteria are decided by the significance of tasks users faced with. In this part, the factors influencing users’information evaluating are discussed as well.In the part of research on information integrating and absorbing, the author analyzes information absorbing process: information reflects, information recitation, information coding, information Internalizing and information storing .And according to different criteria, the author analyzed two different partition ways for levels of information absorbing. As an awareness activities, information absorbing is a complete and continuous understanding process which is a gradual process that information users are based on their knowledge structures, use the existing mode of thinking to understand, interpret, incept and adopt the various independent components of obtained information so as to the information content achieves the goals of from being recognized on surface to deep mining and internalization. In this process, there are various internal and external factors affecting the efficiency and effectiveness of information absorbing, these factors include the information environmental and semantic factors, information organization factors, information needs factors, cognitive factors, capacity factors and non- rational psychological factors etc.In the part of research on guiding mechanism of information behavior, based on discussing users information behavior guiding principles, the author firstly analyzes the object and subject of guiding mechanism respectively, discusses the main content and three functions of information behavior guiding, then expounds the modes and two routes of guiding users information behavior. The two routes originating from Petty and Cacioppo’s“Elaboration Likelihood Model”are the central route and the peripheral route, they reflects the forming process of users’ attitude towards the information behavior guiding, are driven by different motivations, and affected by different factors and mechanisms in the process of promoting information users to change their attitude and behavioral intention.In the part of research on optimizing strategy of information behavior, the author puts forward three optimization principles from the systematic point of view, discusses information environment optimization, behavioral subject (information users) optimization and information service optimization. The efficiency enhancement and results optimization of information activities need both parts of information activities and environmental factors are optimized as a whole organism so as to achieve the ultimate goals of information activities.Any unilateral improvements are incomplete and one-sided.Finally, it expounds the main conclusions of the study and forecasts the future research trends in the field of information behavior.更多还原