【作者】 南世卿；

【导师】 唐春安；

【作者基本信息】 东北大学 ， 采矿工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 目前,我国大部分矿山将面临由露天转入地下开采。由露天转入地下开采会遇到许多技术问题,尤其是转入地下开采后其地下首层采用空场法的矿山则有更多的技术难题,如：境界顶柱稳定性、防突涌突冒、过渡期产量衔接、地下开拓方案、采矿方法、露天边坡稳定性、过渡层管理与开采、矿柱回收及空区处理、覆盖岩层形成等等,所有这些技术问题,都必须在露天转入地下之前或者在其过程中经认真分析、研究论证、做出可行性方案。境界顶柱稳定性及防突涌突冒问题是露天转入地下开采的关键技术和安全问题。境界顶柱不稳定、突涌或突冒的发生,都会给地下开采工作造成严重影响及灾害事故。本文即以唐钢石人沟铁矿境界顶柱稳定性及防突涌防突冒这一关键技术、现场实际安全问题为主要论题进行分析研究,建立一套分析研究方法和手段,制定可行方案指导矿山生产实践。露天转地下开采的矿山,如果采矿区域内存在着断层、破碎带,会给地下开采带来安全问题,因地下开采的扰动和采空区的形成会使断层、破碎带产生大的错动位移、塌方或大量冒落现象。因此,矿区内有断层、破碎带的矿山在对该区域开采之前,必须预先研究安全采矿方案。本文针对唐钢石人沟铁矿断层、破碎带影响下的采矿技术进行了分析和研究,制定出了一套安全可靠、技术可行、经济合理的采矿技术方案。唐钢石人沟铁矿露天转地下开采是我国由露天转入地下开采较早的矿山。该矿的露天转地下开采遇到的技术问题多、问题复杂及难度大,且有些问题是其他类似矿山同样会遇到,具有代表性、典型性,因此针对石人沟铁矿露天转地下开采关键问题的研究对类似矿山具有示范意义。本文研究课题已列入了“十一五”国家科技支撑计划中。境界顶柱稳定性、突涌防突冒、断层、破碎带影响下采矿技术问题都可归结为围岩稳定及变形破坏问题。关于围岩稳定问题研究方法较多,所考虑的影响因素不同,各具特点。而本文所研究的问题具有因素多、问题复杂、技术难度大的特点,因此,有必要综合各类研究方法,各取所长,相互补充。本文的研究综合采用了现场物理力学性能测试与监测分析、工程类比分析、极限平衡解析、二维数值模拟和三维数值模拟等方法,研究确定了境界顶柱稳定性方案、防突涌涌突冒措施及断层下采矿方案,主要研究工作可以总结为以下几个方面：(1)研究确定了石人沟铁矿岩石(体)结构特性及物理力学性质；(2)研究确定了石人沟铁矿不同开采条件下顶柱厚度方案并制定出防突涌防突冒措施；(3)研究确定了受大断层、大破碎带影响,易引起围岩变形破坏和易诱发境界顶柱冒落和突涌危害的部位；(4)对石人沟铁矿露天转地下开采区域进行了稳定性分区；(5)指导矿山按研究方案实施地下开采,进行现场跟踪调查和监测,在采矿过程中对方案及时调整,使研究更切合实际,注重应用。(6)对断层、破碎带影响下的矿体制定出了安全高效的采矿技术方案。本文研究、分析、总结出的解决露天转地下开采关键问题的研究方法,为我国露天转地下开采矿山提出了一套科学的研究思路,形成的围岩稳定性分析及研究理论有利于补充岩体力学理论。提出的岩石破裂过程分析系统及分析方法,能够分析得到露天转地下开采围岩失稳机理的渐进动态破坏过程,为露天转地下围岩失稳机理研究提供了新的动态可视化的分析手段。本文的研究成果应用于石人沟铁矿露天转地下开采的生产实践,3年来的采矿生产实践,验证了本文分析研究结果,有效地指导了矿山采矿安全,生产中未发生境界顶柱失稳及突涌突冒等安全事故,尽最大限度地回收了矿山资源,为矿山创造了显著的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mine shifting from open-pit to underground mining is a comman problem in most mines of China, especially in such mine as use openstope method to exploit the first bed orebody. The technical and safe problems include mine methods, the slope stability of open-pit, transition layer control, pillar recovery and gob management, the stability of stope structure, underground pressure, boundary pillar stability, preventing spontaneous caving and inrush, et al. All these problems must be analyzed, demonstration and make feasibility program before the mine shifting from open-pit to underground mining. The boundary pillar stability, preventing spontaneous caving and inrush are the key technical and safe problems. Boundary pillar instability, spontaneous caving and inrush can induce big disaster and economic losses. In this paper, study and analyses on boundary pillar stability and preventing spontaneous caving and inrush was carried out. Based on the result, feasibility program was established to instruct mining.If fault and crush belt existed in the mining zone, underground mining will meet bigger technical problems. The turbulence of underground mining and formation of gob will make fault and crush belt moving, avalanching and caving. Therefore, technical analysis and establish safety feasibility mining program must be carried out before exploitation in the areas with fault and crush belt. This paper aimed at mining method under fault and crush belt of Shi Rengou iron mine influence to make analysis and establish a safety, feasibility and reasonable mining technical program.Shi Rengou iron mine started shifting from open-pit to underground mining much earlier in china. In this mine, many technical problems were met in this process. These problems have big technical difficulty and are similar with other mines. So it has representation typical ness. Therefore, this paper had been included in the National 11th Five-year Technical Program.Boundary pillar stability, preventing spontaneous caving and inrush and mining technical under the influence of fault and crush can be deemed as problems as rock stability and deformation damage. There are many methods to solve rock stability. But the characteristics and factors considerate are different of these methods. Therefore, it is necessary to synthesis considerate these methods to supplement each other. Field physics mechanical property test, monitoring analysis, engineering analogy analysis, limiting equilibrium analytic, two dimension numerical simulation, three dimension numerical simulation were used synthesis in this paper to analyze boundary pillar stability, preventing spontaneous caving and inrush, and establish technical program under the influence of fault and crush. The mainly studies of this paper are following:1. Determined the structure characteristics and physics mechanical property in Shi Rengou iron mine;2. Determined the program of pillar thickness under different mining condition and established measure of preventing spontaneous caving and inrush in Shi Rengou iron mine;3. Study on the areas of rock deformation, boundary pillar caving and inrush under the influence of fault and crush in Shi Rengou iron mine;4. Subarea on stability of the shifting from open-pit to underground mining zone in Shi Rengou iron mine;5. Instruct underground mining and carried out field monitoring analysis and program adjusting to contract with the study result;6. Combination with the requirement of the Shi Rengou iron mine to establish safety and highly active mining program under fault and crush belts.In this paper, summarized the study method to which solve the key problem of the process of shifting from open-pit to underground mining. Put forward a set of scientific research ideas for the process of shifting from open-pit to underground mining. Formation of the stability analysis and research theory of surrounding rock may add rock mechanics theory.The analysis system and method of rock failure mentioned in this paper can analyze the evolution failure of rock destabilizing mechanics when the process of shifting from open-pit to underground mining. It supplies new visual analysis method for the rock destabilizing mechanics during the process of shifting from open-pit to underground mining.The research production applied in Shi Rengou iron mine for 3 years and. The application result approved it is valid. The disaster of boundary pillar caving and spontaneous caving and inrush had not occurred. Additional, because filed motoring and program adjusting, mineral resources have recovered maximally and create huge economic returns for Shi Rengou iron mine.更多还原