【作者】 丁原；

【导师】 潘毓学；

【作者基本信息】 长春理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 目前国产汽车离合器扭振减振器的设计水平较低,我国汽车离合器生产企业普遍缺乏自主开发能力,多数还停留在仿制阶段,性能指标匹配缺乏理论依据。随着汽车技术的发展,未来汽车的发展方向对车辆的乘坐舒适性和驾驶的平顺性等方面要求更加严格,提高离合器扭振减振器的传扭能力、延长其使用寿命、简化操作已成为离合器行业目前发展的趋势。结合某一车型,建立完善的汽车传动系统扭振力学分析模型,系统地分析汽车传动系摩擦离合器扭振减振器的扭振特性,并在其理论指导下进行有效的减振器设计参数的选取计算和匹配,提高国产离合器扭振减振器的设计制造水平,是目前国产离合器行业亟需解决的研发课题之一。论文结合长春一汽东光离合器有限公司的生产实际需要,在吉林省工业信息厅汽车产业办项目“大众DSP210J摩擦弹簧离合器的研究”的资助下,对汽车摩擦离合器扭振减振器的工作特性与性能参数的选取和匹配等问题进行了深入系统的研究和分析。建立了汽车动力传动系统扭振力学模型,系统地对比研究了不同类型的离合器扭振减振器对于汽车传动系固有特性的影响规律,给出了影响扭振器性能的主要参数的确定办法,通过试验验证了所研究的扭振器设计参数的确定办法是有效合理的。本文可为改善国产汽车离合器的工作性能、提高产品质量提供理论保障,对于提高此类产品的国产化水平具有一定的实用价值。采用多自由度质量—刚度—阻尼的离散化扭振分析模型对汽车动力传动系统进行扭振分析,建立了更接近实际系统的17自由度的整车动力传动系统扭振力学模型和整车怠速下的动力传动系统扭振力学模型,将正常行驶状态和怠速状态的动力学方程进行了统一,根据扭振系统动力学方程进行了传动系统有无扭振减振器和采用不同扭振减振器两种情况下的固有特性对比计算分析。对车辆动力传动系统扭振的激励源和主要激励即发动机激励力矩进行了分析,结合实际测量数据建立了发动机扭振激励的输出曲线,并结合传动系统固有特性讨论了临界转速问题,对汽车摩擦离合器扭振减振器的减振效果进行了评价。建立了整车动力传动系统虚拟样机,对汽车摩擦离合器扭振减振器在汽车动力传动系统中的减振性能进行了仿真分析。研究分析结果显示：在低阶频率范围内,对于四冲程六缸发动机,三次主谐量是扭转振动需要考虑的主要激励。尽管不带有扭振减振器的汽车离合器结构相对简单,但采用扭振减振器对于降低汽车扭振系统的振动和提高乘坐的舒适性具有积极的意义。汽车摩擦离合器扭振减振器对于传动系统具有明确的减振能力和调节系统固有频率的功能,输入激励通过其之后运动振幅明显减小,减少了共振工况的出现,可有效降低传动系的振动和噪音,改善传动系统的运动学及动力学性能。怠速状态下,CTD式扭振减振器对通过其之后的动力系统减振效果不明显,对于没有通过离合器的部分,基本不具备减振功能。而DMF式扭振减振器较CTD扭振器有明显的减振优势,可较大地改变整车动力传动系统扭振的固有特性,相对降低传动系的扭振状况,进而提高传动系各部件的使用寿命。尤其是怠速工况下,DMF相对CTD的减振优势更加显著。采用优化设计的理论和方法探讨了汽车离合器扭振减振器设计参数的合理选择及配置问题。以传统的CTD式扭振器为研究对象,确定了以扭振减振器刚度和阻尼为优化设计变量,并根据实际生产能力确定了约束条件,以变速器传动轴扭转角最大值的最小化为目标函数,建立了CTD式扭振器的优化设计数学模型,采用一维搜索优化设计方法,利用ADAMS软件的参数优化系统进行了优化计算。以此为基础,讨论了DMF式扭振器参数的选取原则及方法,重点探讨了第2质量飞轮与第1质量飞轮转动惯量比的优化选取方法。结果显示,合理的扭振减振器性能参数对于改善传动系统的扭转振动工况有重要意义,可减小扭振振幅,提高传动系统运转的平稳性,进而改善传动系统扭转力矩的波动。经参数优化后的扭振减振器可进一步改善传动系的扭转工况,对于减轻传动系的扭振负担有着积极的意义。本文针对CTD式减振器刚度和阻尼参数以及DMF减振器第2质量飞轮与第1质量飞轮转动惯量比值采用的优化设计方法,对于汽车离合器扭振减振器设计参数的合理选取和匹配是一种实用的、可靠的计算方法,而且文中的优化思想和计算方法并不局限于某一类车型和特定的汽车离合器扭振器的设计,适用于各类乘用车的干摩擦片式离合器扭振减振器设计参数的选取,应用场合改变时,只需根据具体情况修正优化数学模型即可,是在国产汽车摩擦离合器的改进设计方法上做的新的尝试。结合传统的CTD扭振器的设计经验,基于扭振减振器主要性能参数的选取和匹配分析工作的理论指导,进行了双质量飞轮式扭振器的结构设计与主要零部件的计算分析,给出了主要构件的三维立体模型,重点探讨了双质量飞轮的核心部件弧形弹簧的弹性特性和设计参数的选取办法,对双质量飞轮的薄弱环节进行了强度分析,对双质量飞轮的扭振性能作了仿真分析。结合理论分析和仿真试验结果显示,文中对弧形弹簧的特性分析以及在其基础之上的设计参数的确定方法,对于双质量飞轮扭振器的研发是实用可行的,同时也对开发和研究其它规格的双质量飞轮产品有较大的参考价值。与CTD式减振器的结构相比,采用双质量飞轮减振成本较高,加工制造困难且维修不便。减振弹簧分布半径增大,在发动机高速转动下,弹簧径向的离心力和切向的变形量增加,易使弹簧的磨损加剧。又由于双质量飞轮的结构空间布置困难,故限制了其的进一步广泛应用。借鉴CTD式扭振减振器的试验方法及标准,以一东离合器厂现有的试验设备为基础,给出了汽车摩擦离合器扭振减振器总成扭振特性试验、耐高速试验、总成扭转疲劳耐久试验等几种关于汽车扭振器试验的试验设备、方法及流程,并作了双质量飞轮扭振器的道路交通耐久性试验。试验结果显示所设计的扭振扭振器是满足使用要求的。本文在国产汽车摩擦离合器制造行业中的研究和分析方法上做了一些新的尝试,·对于汽车离合器扭振减振器的优化和改进设计,提高汽车摩擦离合器性能,改善汽车传动系统扭转振动工作状态具有较大的参考价值,可促进离合器行业进一步发展,有助于国产离合器制造企业获得可观的经济效益和社会效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present, the design level of domestic clutch torsional vibration damper in automobile is lower. Domestic clutch production enterprises are generally lack of self-development capacity, most of them still remain in the imitation stage and the performance index matching are mostly lack of theoretical basis.With the development of automobile technology, automobile economy, comfort, reliability and other indicators put forward new demands, the future direction of development of the automotive vehicle ride comfort and driving smoothness, etc. require more stringent. Increasing clutch torsional vibration damper ability to extend its service life, simplifying operation become the current development trend of clutch industry. Aiming at some automobile type, establishing a perfect automotive driveline torsional vibration mechanical analysis model, systematic analysis of torsional vibration characteristics of friction clutch torsional vibration damper in automotive driveline and under the guidance of above theory, an effective design parameters selection based on calculation and matching for shock absorber, improving design and manufacture level of domestic clutch torsional vibration damper, etc. all of that are the one of the R & D subjects that domestic clutch enterprises need to overcome urgently.Supported by the funded projects named’Study of FAW DSP210J Friction Spring Clutch’of Automobile Industry Office in Jilin Province Industrial Information Bureau, with the actual production needs of Changchun Yidong Clutch Company, operating characteristics and performance parameters selection and matching issues of automotive friction clutch torsional vibration damper were systematically researched and analyzed. Automotive driveline torsional vibration mechanical analysis model was established, systematic comparative study of influence laws of different types of clutch torsional vibration damper for automotive driveline inherent characteristics were given, determining methods for the main parameters which can influence the torsional vibration damper performance were proposed. The determining methods studied for design parameters of the torsional vibration damper were effective and reasonable verified by experiments. This paper can provide a theoretical guarantee to improve the domestic automobile clutch working performance and product quality and also have practical value for raising the level of domestic production of such products.Vehicle driveline torsional vibration condition was analyzed with discrete torsional vibration analysis model of multi-freedom quality-stiffness-damping.17-freedom vehicle driveline torsional vibration mechanical model under driving state and idling state which is more closer to the actual system was set up. Normal driving state and idling state kinetics equations are unified. Based on the kinetics equations, contrast calculation and analysis on the inherent characteristics of vehicle driveline are carried out under two cases which are the torsional vibration damper existence or not and using different torsional vibration damper in vehicle driveline. The vehicle driveline torsional vibration excitation source and the main incentives viz. engine motivate torque are analyzed. With the actual measurement data to establish the engine torsional vibration excitation output curve and combined with the inherent characteristics of driveline, the critical speed problem was discussed, damping effect of the automotive friction clutch torsional vibration damper was evaluated also. Damping performance simulation analysis of automotive friction clutch torsional vibration damper in the automotive driveline was conducted after the virtual prototype for automotive driveline was established. Research and analysis results showed that:In the low frequency range, for the four-stroke six-cylinder engine, thrice main harmonic vector should be considered as the main motivation for torsional vibration. Although the clutch without torshional vibration damper has relatively simple structure, the use of torsional vibration damper has a positive meaning for torsional vibration system to reduce vehicle vibration and improve ride comfort. The automotive friction clutch torsional vibration damper has a clear vibration reduction ability and function of adjusting system natural frequency. Torsional vibration amplitude significant reducing after the input incentive goes through, which leading to reduce the appearance of the resonance conditions, can effectively decrease the driveline vibration and noise and improve the driveline performance of the kinematics and dynamics. Under idling state, traditional driven disc torsional vibration damper (shorthand as the CTD) has no obvious damping effect on the driveline after it and almost has no damping function on the part of driveline that before the clutch. Compared with CTD, the dual-mass flywheel torsional vibration damper(shorthand as the DMF) has obvious advantages on torsional vibration damping, has larger change on the torsional vibration inherent characteristics of vehicle driveline, can relatively lower driveline torsional vibration conditions, thereby increasing the life of the various components of transmission system. Particularly in the idle operating conditions, DMF damping the relative advantages of CTD is more significant.Using the theory and method of optimal design, rational selection and match of design parameters of clutch torsional vibration damper in automobile was discussed. Putting the traditional CTD damper as the research object, determining the torsional vibration damper stiffness and damping for the optimization design variables, confirming constraint conditions according to the actual production capacity, minimizing the maximum value of the transmission shaft torsional angle as the objective function, mathematical model of optimal design of CTD damper was established and after that, optimization calculation was carried on using ADAMS software optimization system with the optimal method of one-dimensional search. On that basis, selection principles and methods for DMF damper were proposed, in which, the emphasis is the optimization selection method for ratio of 2nd mass flywheel to 1 st mass flywheel. The results shows that:Rational performance parameters of torsional vibration damper can reduce the torsional vibration amplitude, improve the smooth operation of transmission system, improve the torsional torque fluctuation condition in transmission system thereby, so they have an important significance for improving torsional vibration conditions in transmission system. The parameters been optimized, the torsional vibration damper can further improve the torsional condition in the transmission system and has a positive meaning for reducing the torsional vibration burden of driveline. The optimal design methods for the torsional stiffness and damping of CTD damper and the ratio of 2nd mass flywheel to 1 st mass flywheel of DMF are practical and reliable calculating method for rationally selecting and matching the design parameters of the clutch torsional vibration damper in automobile. And the optimization ideas and calculation methods in this paper are not limited to the design of a certain type of vehicle and the specific clutch torsional damper, but applied to the design parameters selection of dry friction clutch torsional vibration damper in all types of passenger vehicles. Applications changing, the optimal mathematical model needs to be corrected only under specific circumstances. They are the new trial on improving the design methods of domestic automotive friction clutch.Combined with design experience of traditional CTD damper, based on theoretical guidance of the previous work selecting and matching major performance parameters of torsional vibration damper, the structural design and calculation analysis of the main components of DMF damper were carried out, three-dimensional model of the main components were given, elastic properties of the arc helix spring which is the core components in DMF and selecting method for design parameters were focused on discuss. After that the weak parts in DMF were strength analyzed and the torsional vibration performances of DMF were simulation analyzed. According to the theoretical analysis and simulation test, the results show that:Properties analysis of the arc helix spring and the determination methods of design parameters based on it are practical and viable for the R & D of DMF damper and also have great reference value for the R & D of other specifications of DMF products. Compared with the structure of CTD damper, the DMF have higher damping cost, inconvenient repairs, more difficult manufacture, etc. Because distribution radius of damping spring increases and radial centrifugal force and tangential deformation of the springs increases in the engine high rotation speed, wears of the springs are easy to be increased. Also, because of the difficult arrangement of DMF damper structure o, its further wider application is limited.Following test methods and standards of CTD damper, based on the existing test equipment in Yidong Clutch Company, some test equipments, methods and processes about test of clutch torsional vibration damper in automobile such as torsional vibration damper assembly torsional characteristics testing, resistance to high-speed testing, torsional vibration fatigue durability testing, etc. were presented. And traffic endurance testing of DMF damper was made also. The results showed that the designed torsional vibration damper is to meet the use requirements.In this paper, some new trials on the research and analysis methods in the friction clutch of domestic automobile manufacturing industry were made, which have larger reference value on optimal and improving design for clutch torsional vibration damper in automobile, improving the performance of automotive friction clutch and the torsional vibration working conditions of automotive driveline. And it can promote the further development of the clutch industry and will help domestic manufacturers derive a substantial economic and social benefits.更多还原