【作者】 姜涛；

【导师】 徐洪吉； 曹国华；

【作者基本信息】 长春理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 激光扫描外径精密检测是以激光为光源,由高速旋转的多面棱镜反射,经k-θ透镜畸变产生匀速扫描光,对被测件进行光束扫描,准确测量对被测件的扫描时间,充分考虑测量过程中产生的误差,并对其进行修正与补偿,实现外径精密检测的方法。激光扫描检测,由于具有高速、非接触、高精度测量等特点,特别适合检测热的、软的、运动的和振动的各种被测对象。因此,可广泛应用于机械、航空航天等领域精密加工在线检测与质量控制,具有广阔的应用前景。论文对激光扫描精密检测系统的设计与实现进行了详细论述。设计了系统的机械结构、光学系统、控制系统总体方案,并对系统涉及的关键技术进行了详细论述,对激光准直、多面棱镜光束扫描、k-θ透镜设计、光电信号处理等关键问题进行了详细的分析与设计。论文以专题的形式详细分析了影响检测系统精度的主要误差源,即：扫描棱镜形位误差、扫描速度波动、边缘检测误差、激光光强变化、光学零件安装误差以及环境烟尘、大气湍流等对系统检测精度的影响,给出了相应的补偿措施,并通过数字仿真与实测实验验证了补偿措施的正确性与有效性。为进一步提高系统精度,考虑到检测范围内存在非线性,文中采用BP神经网络算法对多组实测数据进行训练,建立了系统精度标定的数学模型,并利用典型标准样件对训练所得标定模型进行实验验证,结果表明标定模型正确、有效,满足系统实时性与检测精度要求。此外,文中简要介绍了基于系统运行参数监测的系统故障检测与诊断方法,分析了本系统主要监测参数及其变化范围,给出了故障位置判断与故障预警等处理方法。论文主要对激光多面棱镜匀速扫描外径精密检测方法的理论及相关技术进行实验研究,对光电检测系统的关键技术和影响测量精度主要因素进行了深入研究和实践,为检测仪器产业化设计、开发奠定了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 The laser-scanning outside diameter precision measurement uses laser as the basis light beam, scans the work piece by the uniform scanning light which is generated through the reflection of multi-faceted prism that is rotating in high speed and the distortion of the k-θLens, and measures accurately the scanned time of piece to obtain the parameter of diameter. During the measuring, all kinds of error factors are fully considered, and the deviations which is generated in the measuring process, are amended and compensated through valid measures. Because of the characteristics of high-speed, non-contact and high-precision, the laser-scanning measurement fits for the measurement of those pieces such as hot pieces, soft pieces, pieces with moving and pieces with vibration. This method can be applied to precision manufacture, on-line detection and quality controlling in machinery manufacture, aerospace and fields, so it has comprehensive prospects.This paper elaborated the design and implementation of the laser-scanning outside diameter sophisticated measurement system in detail, designed the system’s mechanical structure, optical system and control system, elaborated the key technique which were related in the system design in detail, analyses and design many key-issues in detail, such as the laser alignment, multi-faceted prism laser-scanning, k-θlens design and the optical signal processing.The paper analyses the main error sources affecting the precision of system in the form of special theme, that includes in geometric deviation of scanning prism, scanning speed fluctuation, edge detecting deviation, laser intensity changes, installation deviation of optical parts and other influence such as the environmental dust and atmospheric turbulence, and the corresponding compensation measures are given, and then it is affirmed that the compensation measures are correct and effective by digital simulation and actual measurement. To improve the precise, the paper uses BP neural network algorithm to train the actual data measured and establish the mathematical model of precision calibration considering the nonlinearity within the measuring range, and the trained calibration model is verified by the typical standard samples. The results prove that the calibration model are correct and effective, and meet the requirements of the real-time and measurement accuracy. Besides, the paper simply presentes the method of the system fault detecting and diagnosis based on operating parameters of system monitored, analyses the main monitoring parameters and changing ranges of system, gives some handling methods such as the judgment of the fault location, the fault warning and so on.The paper mainly researches the theory and the related technologies which were used in outside diameter precise measurement of laser scanning by uniform speed-scanning of multi-faceted prism, deeply researchs and practices the key technologies of the optical measurement system and major factors which affect the precision of measurement, all the work laid the foundation for the measure instrument’s industrial design and development.更多还原