【作者】 王克平；

【导师】 李宗勋；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 世界史， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 中国的明朝(公元1368年至1644年)大体相当于朝鲜王朝(公元1392年至1910年)的前半期。这个阶段(时间上的断限为1392年至1644年),是中国与朝鲜半岛关系最为友好的一个时期。这一时期,朝鲜与明的外交关系极为密切,两国外交中最主要的特色就是被学界广为称道的诗赋外交。本选题以朝鲜与明的外交为研究对象,以诗赋外交为研究重点。运用史料学理论、归纳法、跨学科史学方法等理论和方法,以原始资料为依据,史论结合,在借鉴国内外已有研究成果的基础上,对朝鲜与明的外交、尤其是诗赋外交这一极富特色的外交方式进行系统的阐释,以弥补朝鲜与明外交范围内一些问题研究上的不足。在研究过程中,把朝鲜与明的外交放入当时的历史环境中去考察,努力采取正视历史的态度,以不脱离当时的历史条件、历史语境的思想来评价这段交往史,总结历史上的经验和教训,为弘扬中国和朝鲜半岛的传统友谊尽一份绵薄之力。第一章为绪论,主要说明本选题的目的、意义,对相关史料进行说明并介绍本选题国内外的相关研究现状,概述本选题的研究范围和研究方法。第二章首先阐释朝鲜与明外交的基础,尤其是影响两国诗赋外交的政治因素和文化基础。如两国的立国思想、朝鲜的慕华思想,以及两国同属汉字文化圈的因素、两国汉文学所具有的同质性。在此基础上,分析明与朝鲜所面临的国内外局势对两国关系和外交政策所带来的影响,揭示两国外交关系建立的原因、两国开国君主所确立的外交政策对发展两国关系所起的积极作用。第三章首先论述朝鲜与明外交的特色,重点论述两国外交中最具特色的外交方式——诗赋外交。探索历史传统对两国诗赋外交形成的影响,从当时明与朝鲜所处的历史大背景出发,描述诗赋外交的发展过程,揭示诗赋外交形成的原因。在借鉴相关论述的基础上,对诗赋外交进行了界定。本文所说的诗赋外交,是指在朝鲜与明的外交过程中,双方使臣往往选用文臣儒士,在完成各种常规的外交使命以外,交往双方所进行的诗文唱和、切磋学问,进而扩大到其他领域的交流。通过双方的唱和、交流,沟通了情感,解决了两国关系中的一些疑难问题,取得了很好的外交效果。可以说,朝鲜与明的诗赋外交是一种形式特殊、内涵丰富、发挥了重要作用的外交方式。其次,介绍明与朝鲜双方使臣的出使使命及既定的出使路线。第四章分析朝鲜与明外交的相关人员。如明与朝鲜的使臣、朝鲜的远接使,以及与双方使臣交往的其他人员。重点分析明与朝鲜诗赋外交的主要成员,除明与朝鲜的文臣、朝鲜的远接使以外,还有与双方文臣交往的儒士。他们既是诗赋外交的践行者,也是文化的传播者、文化融合的促进者,在两国的诗赋外交过程中发挥了重要作用。双方出使的文臣往往经过精心挑选,汉文学水平较高、文化底蕴较深,有相互交流的基础和条件。出于使命的要求和个人的情愫,他们还有许多纪行录传世,如明朝文臣出使朝鲜所作的“使朝鲜录”、朝鲜文臣出使明朝所作的“朝天录”。这些使行记录,记载了两国使臣出使的行程、双方的交往、在他国的见闻、以及使臣自己的感受。使行记录内容丰富、文体多样,具有较高的史料价值和文学价值。第五章探析朝鲜与明外交中的交流活动。诗赋外交这一特定的外交方式,决定了诗赋外交的主要内容是文学交往,进而扩大到其他领域的交流,如语言文字、图书典籍、书法和绘画、儒学、科学技术等方面。从中可以看出,明与朝鲜诗赋外交的内容丰富,双方交流的范围广泛。这些交流,不仅增进了双方的了解和友谊,对加深两国的友好关系、对两国的文化交流也起了重要的促进作用。第六章分析朝鲜与明诗赋外交的结晶——唱和总集《皇华集》。出使朝鲜的明朝文臣都经过精心挑选,均能诗善文;接待明使的朝鲜官员也多为儒臣文士,汉文学功底较深。双方常常诗文唱和,其唱和作品被当时的朝鲜政府收编为23辑的《皇华集》。《皇华集》所收录的作品涉及描写景色及风土人情、表现双方的欢宴及友谊、抒发离情及思乡之情等多方面的内容。文体多样、感情真挚,具有较高的文学价值和史料价值。使臣文学是目前较少有人涉及的研究领域,而《皇华集》可以说是使臣文学的代表和集大成。第七章总结朝鲜与明的外交在两国关系史上的作用。使臣出使担当着沟通双方联系的重大使命,而诗赋外交这一特殊的外交方式又弥补了政治交往上的不足,成为两国相互了解、维护和平的有效途径,也成为两国关系稳定发展的有力粘合剂,在促进解决两国关系中的政治问题、深化两国的文化交流、密切两国的友好关系等方面都发挥了重要作用。最后部分为结论。朝鲜与明的诗赋外交是一种富于特色、内涵丰富、在两国关系史上发挥了重要作用的外交方式。诗赋外交的保障和支撑是两国的外交政策及文化基础;诗赋外交的成员主要是两国经过选择的富于才学的文臣儒士,在多领域、多层面的交流过程中,增进了双方的了解和友谊,在促进解决两国关系中的政治问题、深化两国的文化交流、密切两国的友好关系等方面发挥了重要作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ming Dynasty China (1368-1644) is substantially equal to the first part of Choson Dynasty(Korea below) (1392-1910) when Ming Dynasty and Korean peninsula remained in friendly relations. In this period, Ming and Korea has closely connected diplomatically, which is called by the academics as Poem and Fu Diplomacy.This subject studies the diplomatic relations between Ming and Korea, centering on Poem and Fu Diplomacy. This subject tries to explain systematically Poem and Fu Diplomacy between Ming and Korea on the basis of the existing research results and primary source by the methods of science of historical data, induction and interdisciplinary historic method, therefore making up for a deficiency of the study on diplomatic issues between Ming and Korea. In the course of the study, this writer inspects the diplomacy between Ming and Korea under the historical environment at that time, attempting to face up to the history and evaluating this association in the historical circumstances and context, therefore summing up historical experience and lessons, exerting my pygmy effort for development of Sino-Korean traditional friendship.Chapter one is Introduction, mainly explains the aim, significance, related research background, research range and method.Chapter two illuminates the diplomacy basis between Ming Dynasty and Korea, especially the political elements and cultural basis which affected Poem and Fu Diplomacy between both sides. For example, their thoughts of founding state, Korea Admiration Thoughts, both belonging to Chinese Character Cultural Circles and homogeneity in both literature, on basis of which analyzes the domestic and international situation facing the Ming and Korea and its impact on the relationship between two countries and their diplomatic policies, reveals the causes of two countries setting up the diplomatic relationship and positive role of the diplomatic policies established by the founders of the two countries.Chapter three discourses the diplomatic characteristics between Ming and Korea, Lay heavy stress on Poem and Fu Diplomacy, explores the influence of historical tradition on Poem and Fu Diplomacy, describes its developing course in the context of historical background, and then revealing the causes of the formation of Poem and Fu Diplomacy. Poem and Fu Diplomacy in this paper refers to a special, meaningful and important diplomatic pattern by which both envoys, mostly savants and scholars, proceed poetic prose antiphons and knowledge inter-change in the course of diplomatic mission, and then expanding to other fields exchange. By antiphons and exchange, both sides deepen the communication and solve the political hot potato with excellent results. Next, introduces the missions and established routes of both sides.Chapter four analyzes the diplomatic people of Ming and Korea including envoys and others, stressing on the primary members in Poem and Fu Diplomacy between Ming and Korea. In addition, there are also Confucian scholars who are associated with the civil chancellors of two countries. Those people above-mentioned are not only the one who practice Poem and Fu Diplomacy but also the one who disseminate cultures and promote culture hybrid and play an important role in the diplomatic process between both sides. Civil chancellors of both sides well-chosen have a high degree of Chinese literature and profound cultural foundation and have the qualifications for mutual exchanges. Out of the mission and personal emotion, they leave many famous biography, for example, Shi Chaoxianlu(Selection from Ming Envoy sent to Korea), Chaotianlu(Selections from Korean envoys sent to Ming Dynasty). These selections containing journey, association, stories and sentiment are rich in content and varied in style, having higher value in history and literature.Chapter five explores the diplomatic activities between Ming and Korea. As a special diplomatic pattern, Poem and Fu Diplomacy determines its main content literal communication and then enlarging to other fields such as language and Charater, books and scriptures, calligraphy and painting, Confucian, and science and technology, from which we can see the rich contents and wide range of the Poem and Fu Diplomacy between Ming and Korea. Those exchanges not only enhance the two-way understandings and friendship but also deepen friendly relations.Chapter six analyzes the perfection of Poem and Fu Diplomacy between Ming and Korea, i.e.Huanghuaji(A Collecton of Huanghua). Huanghuaji compiled by the Korean government contains the works of antiphons written by Ming envoys who are well-chosen and good at poetry and writing and the Korean officials who are in charge of the reception of the Ming envoys and are all Confucian scholars with grounding in Chinese literature. Huanghuaj involves various contents such as scenery, customs、festivals, friendship and expression of sorrow of parting and homesick with multiple styles and sincere feelings, possessing pretty high literal and historical value. Envoy literature is rarely touched at present and Huanghuaj can be said the represent and comprehensive expression of the Envoy Literature. Chapter seven summaries the role of the diplomatic relations between Ming and Korea in the whole history of the Sino-Korean relationships. Envoys launch forth on the important mission of communicating both sides. Poem and Fu Diplomacy, as a special diplomatic pattern, compensates for the political communication and becomes the efficient path for both sides to promote understandings and preserve peace. In the aspect of solving the political issues, deepening both sides cultural exchange and intimating their friendly relations, Poem and Fu Diplomacy plays an important role.更多还原