【作者】 程远；

【导师】 陈清泉； 崔淑梅；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电机与电器， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 四端口机电能量变换器(FPEMC)是一种具有两个电气端口和两个机械端口的多端口机电能量转换装置。与传统电机相比,它具有更多的能量变换方式,在混合动力汽车、风力发电系统、水下推进等需要进行机电能量转换的场合中具有很大的应用潜力。但是,四端口机电能量变换器并不是简单的两个电机的叠加,端口数目的增加使得变换器产生了许多复杂的问题,如动态控制问题、控制策略问题、磁场耦合问题等等,为传统电机设计与控制方法提出了许多挑战。本文主要就感应式四端口机电能量变换器(IM-FPEMC)在混合动力汽车中的理论和应用问题展开研究,探索了IM-FPEMC内部磁场分布及磁场耦合规律,提出了合理的解耦方案,并就基于IM-FPEMC的混合动力系统建模方法,以及混合动力系统控制策略等理论和应用问题进行了研究。为分析四端口机电能量变换器的磁场分布规律,解决多励磁源之间的磁场耦合问题,提出合理的解耦控制方案,并为变换器的动态控制奠定基础,本文通过建立IM-FPEMC变换器的等效磁路模型和有限元仿真模型,采用解析分析和磁场有限元分析两种方法,对IM-FPEMC内部磁场进行研究。得出结论,四端口机电能量变换器具有两个气隙磁场,内外电机磁场存在耦合,耦合大小与电机外转子轭部厚度、电机磁势大小、相位有关。电机结构上,可以通过增加外转子轭部厚度降低磁场耦合的影响;电机控制方法上,可通过控制内外电机的磁势相位角及调整励磁大小的措施,实现解耦控制。本文结合IM-FPEMC的磁场分布,给出了IM-FPEMC的动态解耦控制数学模型,为对IM-FPEMC的动态控制奠定了基础。为解决IM-FPEMC在混合动力汽车上的应用问题,分析基于IM-FPEMC的混合动力系统各总成,特别是IM-FPEMC的工作特点,本文引入能量宏观表达法(EMR)对基于IM-FPEMC的混合动力系统进行分析和建模。通过EMR对混合动力系统建模,模型的能量流动情况变得更加清晰、直观,控制器结构和参数设计更加简单,更具条理化。根据IM-FPEMC混合动力系统的控制目标及内部能量的流动特点,本文选定了三条调节链,应用反转规则得到了相应的控制链,进行了速度控制器、电流控制器的结构和参数设计,为开发混合动力整系统控制策略,研究各总成的工作特点奠定了基础。该方法可用于同类复杂结构混合动力系统的建模和控制器设计。为对基于IM-FPEMC的混合动力系统内部的能量流动进行优化管理,提高系统效率,获得最佳的燃油经济性,本文对基于IM-FPEMC的混合动力系统的能量控制策略进行了研究,对系统能量流进行了优化。研究了一种基于规则的功率跟随控制策略,并进行了Matlab仿真。结果表明,IM-FPEMC不仅能够满足整车的动力性能要求,而且可以优化发动机的工作区域,整车具有较好的燃油经济性,高速公路工况百公里油耗达到4.33L,城市工况百公里油耗达到4.87L,与传统车辆相比,燃油经济性分别提高了32%和23%。本文还对组成IM-FPEMC的两个电机的仿真数据进行了统计分析,得到了变换器的设计指标,给出了变换器的设计特点。为对所做研究进行验证,本文对IM-FPEMC进行了实验测试。结果表明,外电机设计基本达到要求,而内电机设计则必须要对变换器的结构设计进行优化,并需考虑散热问题。实验结果与第2章有限元仿真结果基本吻合,验证了有限元仿真结果的正确性,也验证了IM-FPEMC变换器的磁场分布及磁场耦合规律的正确性。本文开发了基于DSP芯片的以车辆应用为背景的IM-FPEMC硬件控制平台。在dSPACE实时控制软硬件平台基础上,给出了基于EMR的感应电机控制系统具体实现方法,实现了感应电机控制。对基于IM-FPEMC的混合动力系统工作模式进行了实验研究,实现了控制策略的动态模拟,验证了基于EMR建模的系统控制方案,以及本文所提出的控制策略的正确性和有效性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Four ports electromechanical converter (FPEMC) is a kind of multi ports electromechanical converter with two electrical ports and two mechanical ports. Compared with conventional electric machines, FPEMC has more energy conversion modes and great potentials in many applications such as hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), wind power generation system and underwater propulsion, etc. However, FPEMC is not the addition of two electric machines, many complex problems, like dynamic control, modeling and control strategy, field coupling, and cooling, arise with the increase of electrical and mechanical ports and produce great challenge to the design and control of traditional electric machines.This paper will focus on the theory and applied problems of an induction machine based FPEMC (IM-FPEMC) in HEVs. These problems include analysis of the field distribution and coupling, the discussion of a feasible field decoupling scheme, and the modeling, control strategy and experimental verification for the IM-FPEMC HEV.First of all, an equivalent flux path model and a finite element (FE) model will be built and used to study the field distribution and coupling rules of IM-FPEMC. The results show the existence of field coupling between inner and outer machines. Field coupling is related to yoke height of outer rotor, MMF magnitudes and phase difference of two machines. Field decoupling can be realized by controlling the phase difference and the MMF magnitudes of two machines. Incorporating the rules of field distribution, this paper proposed a dynamic modeling for field decoupling.The IM-FPEMC HEV, a kind of series-parallel HEV, is a complex electromechanical system, which includes internal combustion engine (ICE), battery, electric machines, and transmission. To clearly express the energy flows in this complex system and provide a reference to the system control scheme design, Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR) is introduced to analyze and build the model of the IM-FPEMC HEV. The energy flows are much clearer, and the control scheme is easier to achieve.According to the objectives and constrains of the IM-FPEMC HEV, 3 tuning chains are defined. Using inversion rules, 3 control chains are deduced by inversing the tuning chains. Speed and current controllers are also designed using specific inversion rules. This work will lay a solid foundation for developing control strategy and shows potentials in other complex electromechanical systems.A control strategy is required to manage the energy flows in the IM-FPEMC HEV. In this paper, a rule-based control strategy is developed and simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment. The simulation results show that IM-FPEMC not only satisfies the vehicle power demand, but also optimize the operation of ICE. A good fuel economy is achieved. In US06 driving cycle, the fuel economy is 4.33L/100km, and 4.87L/100km in 10.15 driving cycle. Compared with a convention vehicle, the fuel economy is increased by 32% and 23% respectively. The simulation results provide reference to designing IM-FPEMC and the system analysis.The characteristics experiments show that the outer machine fairly satisfies the vehicle requirements, but the inner machine needs further optimization on cooling and structure design. The results are approximately in accordance with the FE analysis and verify the conclusions on field distribution and coupling. Based on dSPACE platforms, all kinds of operation modes and dynamic control are realized which verify the feasibility of EMR modeling and developed control strategy. A digital signal processor (DSP) based hardware platform is developed for use in vehicles.In the future, more work will be done about a deeper study of decoupling control, and the optimization of control strategy.更多还原