【作者】 张志峰；

【导师】 冯其波；

【作者基本信息】 北京交通大学 ， 光学工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 车轮作为铁路车辆重要的走行部件,对于铁路的安全运输起着关键性的作用,特别是随着列车速度的不断提高,列车车轮各种磨耗及直径变化的速度加快,给列车的运行安全带来隐患,因此研究轮对几何参数动态测量方法与系统是实现轮对状态维修中必须要首先解决的问题。由于铁路现场环境条件恶劣、测量难度大等原因,轮对几何参数动态在线测量一直是国内外铁路科技人员共同关注的问题之一。本论文针对这一测量问题,结合铁道部科技项目进行博士论文的研究,选题具有重要的理论意义和应用前景。本学位论文主要的研究工作和创新成果包括:1.提出了一种新的激光位移传感器在线动态测量车轮直径的方法,研制出了车轮直径在线动态测量装置。车轮直径在线动态测量是轮对几何参数动态测量的难点之一,本论文提出了三种不同的测量方案,分别进行了详细的分析和实验,最后确定了双激光位移传感器在线动态测量车轮直径的方案,对车轮直径测量误差进行了理论分析与仿真计算,通过现场重复性实验以及与人工测量结果的比对,验证了测量方案的可行性。2.在已有研究基础上,利用平行四边形机构实现了踏面圆周磨耗和擦伤的在线动态测量,并对平行四边形测量机构进行了静态、动态分析与仿真计算,在此基础上提出了减小测量机构振动的方案。3.提出了利用图像处理和激光位移传感器测量车轮轮缘厚度的两种技术方案,实现了激光动态测量车轮轮缘厚度、轮辋宽和轮对内侧距等参数的测量。4.在以上基础上,研制出了轮对几何参数动态测量系统,实现了客车入库时对车轮直径、踏面磨耗和擦伤、轮缘厚度、轮辋宽度以及轮对内侧距等参数的动态测量。通过现场重复性实验以及与手工测量结果的比较,验证了测量系统的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The wheels of trains are key components that play an important role in the safety of rail transportation.With the increasing of train speed,train wheel wear becomes more and more severe,which could cause danger and lost of life and wealth.Thus the study the method for dynamically measuring the parameters of wheelset and the development of such a measurement system is a key problem that must be firstly solved before repair of train-wheels according to condition could be realized.It is also a difficult problem and has not been solved propedy due to the worse environment and a very limited space for the measurement. This dissertation is focusing on solving this problem and developing a system for dynamically measuring the geometric parameters of the wheelset with the support of the fund from the Ministry of Railway.The main work and achievements in the dissertation are as follows:1.A novel method using the laser displacement sensor to dynamically measure the wheel’s diameter is presented and the device for dynamically measuring the wheel’s diameter is developed.As the measurement of wheel diameter is the one of most difficult points in the dynamical measurement of geometric parameters of wheelset,three methods to measure wheel’s diameters are presented and the relative measurement devices are developed.Based on theoretic analysis and the experimental results,the best method for diameter measurement is to adopt two laser displacement transducers.The measurement error is analyzed in theory and simulation is made.The feasibility of this method is testified by the comparison between measurement datum obtained by the developed system and by hand.2.By use of several sets of parallelogram mechanisms,the device for dynamically measuring wheel’s tread abrasion and abrade is developed.Based on static and dynamic analysis of parallelogram mechanisms,simulation is made,and the method to control the vibration of parallelogram mechanisms is presented.3.Two methods to dynamically measure the wheel rim are presented,which is based on image processing and laser technology separately.The device which can measure thickness of wheel flange,rim width and inside width of wheelset is developed.4.The measurement system for dynamically measuring geometric parameters of wheelset is developed.With this system,the geometric parameters such as wheel diameter,tread abrasion and abrade,flange thickness,trim width and inside width of wheelset can be obtained when the train passes thorough the measurement system that is mounted alongside the rail-truck The feasibility of this measurement system is proved through repeatability measurement experiments and measurement datum comparison between the system and manual work.更多还原