【作者】 唐文金；

【导师】 郑景骥；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 农业经济学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 在当前中国改革开放的关键阶段,怎样进一步深化曾经是中国改革先导的农村改革,关系到九亿农民的福祉,关系到全面建设小康社会宏伟目标的实现,关系到中国特色社会主义的发展。在中国,“三农”问题始终是关系全局的社会、政治和经济问题。在全面建设小康社会的新的发展阶段中,在“工业支援农业,城市支援农村”和城乡经济社会发展一体化格局下,在集中力量解决“三农”问题的关键时刻,如何从“三农”问题错综复杂的矛盾中抓住最基本的问题,理清思想认识,审视实践得失,预测发展趋势,探索改革方略,以促进理论创新,深化农村改革,是每一位致力于推进新农村建设实践的理论工作者不可回避的历史责任。土地问题是中国“三农”问题中最基本的问题,土地制度是中国农村中最基础的制度。以家庭承包经营为主、统分结合的双层经营,是我国农业的基本经营制度。这一制度具有显著的优越性,但也存在严重的缺陷。农户承包地的流转弥补了它的缺陷,承包地流转已势不可挡,且由此显现出农村改革第二次飞跃的端倪。本文将农民作为土地流转的利益主体,以农户家庭为基本单元,运用规范分析与实证分析相结合,定性分析与定量分析相结合、微观分析与宏观分析相结合的方法,研究农户土地流转的意愿和行为,探求农户土地流转的微观动因,促进农户承包土地的合理流转。本文内容可分为五部分:第一部分是理论基础,包括第1、2章,为全文提供必要的概念、假设、方法和理论依据,作为整个研究分析的理论基础。立足于马克思主义的基本观点和基本方法,对马克思的产权理论和西方产权理论、马克思的制度变迁观和西方的制度变迁观、规模经济理论和行为经济学理论进行了归纳和梳理,对中西方学者关于农民的几个理性假说进行了评析,为下面的研究作了理论上的铺垫。第二部分是缘由分析,包括第3、4章,分析了农户土地流转意愿和行为发生的制度背景和经济环境,揭示了农户土地流转发生的缘由。第三部分是现状分析,即第5章,从全国、四川省、南充市三个层面简要分析了农户土地流转的现状及存在的主要问题。第四部分是实证分析,包括6、7、8章,以四川省南充市为样本地,对农户的土地流转意愿与行为进行实证分析,并通过设定不同目标下的假设条件,对农户土地流转进行了数量预测。第五部分是对策建议,即第9章,阐释了农户土地流转应当遵循的基本原则,提出了增强农户土地流转意愿与规范农户土地流转行为的对策思路。本文的创新之处主要体现在以下几个方面:1、研究视角。本文着眼于农户这个土地流转的主体,以微观视野,分析农户的土地流转意愿与行为,这是研究视角的创新。对微观主体的土地流转意愿与行为的深入研究,可把土地流转研究置于更实际、更现实的基础之上。2、研究方法。本文认为农户是土地经营和流转的利益主体,他们的意愿和行为对于土地流转规模、流转机制和流转模式的选择有着根本性的影响。因此,作者加大力气进行广泛深入的实地调查研究,以四川省南充市为调研区域,样本区域覆盖南充市的9个县(市、区)、27个乡镇、54个行政村, 540户农户,在获得样本农户土地流转数据的基础上,对农户的土地流转行为和意愿进行实证分析,寻找农户土地流转的具体的、真实的微观动因。这种方法增强了研究结论的可靠性。3、模型构建。一是参考Swinnen和Vranken(2003)的研究,构造了农户土地流转理论模型,更加深入的理解农户土地流转行为的产生机制。得出在不同的条件下,农户在追求收入最大化的过程中,可以选择转出、转入或者保持自己的土地经营规模不变,农户的土地流转行为受到土地边际生产力、土地租金、土地租赁市场上的交易成本、农村劳动力市场和农村信贷市场等一系列因素制约的结论。二是采用Logit模型对影响农户土地转入意愿的因素进行实证分析,分析了农户资源禀赋、农户收入结构、农户人口结构、户主的个人特征、土地用途、社会保障、土地交易费用等因素与农户土地流转意愿的关系。4、数量预测。通过对农户土地流转设定若干基本假设,对不同阶段的土地流转进行数量预测,力图体现土地流转研究的前瞻性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the current critical stage of reform and opening-up of China, the issue of how to further deepen the rural reform----the forerunner of China’s reform, concerns the welfare of 900 million farmers, the realization of the great goal of the overall construction of well-off society, and the development of the socialism with Chinese characteristics.Three Agriculture Problems (agriculture, countryside and farmers) remain the social, political and economic problems concerning the overall development of China. Now China is in a new stage of developing a well-off society in an all-round way and under a new development pattern of“industry nurturing agriculture, cities supporting the countryside”and at a critical point of focusing on solving the three agriculture problems. Therefore it is the unavoidable historic duty of the theoretical pioneers of the construction of socialist new countryside to define the most basic problem in all kinds of complicated problems by clarifying the theory, evaluating the practice, foreseeing the developing trend and exploring the reform strategies so as to enhance the innovation of theory and to deepen the rural reform.The land issue is the most basic one of the three agriculture problems in China and the land system is the most basic one in China’s countryside. The system of the unified and decentralized management on the basis of Household’s Contract Management is the foundation of basic rural economic system in China. The simultaneous emergence of the circulation of farmland makes up for the deficiency of this system and this phenomenon is inevitable and increasingly forms the sign of the second leap of rural reform. In this paper, the author uses the combination of standard analysis with empirical analysis, qualitative analysis with quantitative analysis as well as micro-analysis with macro-analysis to analyze the will and behavior of farmers in the farmland circulation so as to seek the micro motive of such circulation and the reasonable way in its implementation by taking farmers as the main beneficiary and by using individual rural household as the basic unit.This paper can be divided into five parts: 1, the theoretical basis containing the first two chapters. It offers necessary concepts, hypothesis, approaches and theoretical preparation for the paper. The author makes an induction of Marxist Theory of Property Rights, Western Theory of Property Rights and their history as well as the theory of scale economy and behavioral economics, at the same time gives an evaluation about the hypothesis of both Chinese and western scholars towards farmer by using Marxist basic viewpoints and methods. 2. In the next two chapters, the author analyzes the systematic background and economic environment of the will and behavior in farmland circulation and unfolds the causes of such circulation. 3. The third part is the fifth chapter. The author analyzes the current situation and major existing problems in the circulation from three different layers of Nanchong City, Sichuan Province and China. 4. The fourth part is the empirical one including Chapter 6,7and 8. The author takes Nanchong of Sichuan as a sample to carry out analysis on the will and behavior of farmers in farmland circulation and to make quantitative forecasting by setting hypothesis under different targets. 5. In the last chapter, the author illustrates the basic principles the farmers should adhere to during this process and proposes some corresponding strategies to enhance the will and behavior of farmers in farmland circulation.The creativeness of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects:1. Research perspective. The author gives a micro-analysis of the will and behavior of farmers in farmland circulation focusing on farmers----the main beneficiary of the farmland circulation. This is the creativeness of perspective. By doing so, the research will be more reasonable and practical.2. Research approaches. Because farmers are the main beneficiary in the process of the farmland circulation and management, their will and behavior exert a profound impact on the scale, mechanism and mode of circulation. The author made strenuous effort on the empirical research by using Nanchong City of Sichuan Province as a sample. The research covers an area of nine counties, twenty-seven towns, fifty-four villages, which include five hundred and forty rural households. On the basis of available concrete statistics, by analyzing the will and behavior of farmers in farmland, the author tries to find out the specific and true motivation of such circulation. This makes the conclusion of the research more reliable.3. Model construction. According to Swinnen and Vranken(2003), the author forms the model of farmland circulation in order to further understand the mechanism of the emergence of this circulation and reaches the conclusion that under different conditions, while they try to maximize their profits, the farmers can choose to transfer the right of management of their lands or maintain the scale of their management and that this behavior is checked by the marginal productivity, rent of land, transaction cost in the market of land leasing, the market of rural labor and the rural credit market. Then the author adopts Logit Model to analyze the factors that influence the will of farmland transfer by analyzing the relationship between farmers’will of farmland circulation and farmers’resource endowment, farmers’income structure, farmers’population structure, individual characters of household heads, the usage of land, social security, land transaction cost and so on.4. Quantitative forecasting. The author gives a quantitative forecasting on farmland circulation in different phases by setting several hypothesis of the circulation so as to embody the prospectiveness of farmland circulation.更多还原