【作者】 张志升；

【导师】 朱明生； 宋大祥；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 动物学， 2006， 博士

【摘要】 漏斗蛛科Ageleniae和暗蛛科Amaurobiidae是蜘蛛目暗蛛总科的两个主要类群，其种数占该总科种数的82.3％。暗蛛类是新蛛下目中较为原始的类群，所结的漏斗状网在蛛网进化过程中是由原始网管进化到圆网和皿网的中间过渡类型，是对蜘蛛目进行系统演化研究中不可或缺的一部分。这类蜘蛛常栖息于森林、农田、壁缝、灌丛、石下等生境，是农林害虫天敌资源的重要组成部分。全世界共记述漏斗蛛科38属488种，暗蛛科71属643种(Platnick,2006)，中国已记录漏斗蛛科4属21种，暗蛛科18属185种。本文在前人的工作基础上，通过采集大量标本、借阅部分模式标本和查阅大量文献资料，对中国的漏斗蛛和暗蛛科进行了较为全面的系统学研究。在总论中，我们对漏斗蛛科和暗蛛科的研究历史、形态学特征以及与其系统发育相关的问题进行了总结，同时借鉴Griswold et al．(2005)等对复杂生殖器类的研究成果，选择尼可蛛科等7科的7种蜘蛛作为外群，选择上述两科在我国有分布的28属37种和分布于国外的9属10种蜘蛛作为内群，利用支序分析方法，对中国的漏斗蛛科和暗蛛科的系统发育关系进行了分析和探讨。分析结果表明：隙蛛亚科Coelotinae与漏斗蛛亚科Ageleninae的关系明显近于与暗蛛亚科Amaurobiinae的关系，建议将它从暗蛛科移回漏斗蛛科；新西兰的有筛器漏斗蛛与本科的模式属模式种(迷宫漏斗蛛Agelena labyrinthica)在我们的支序图上相差甚远，表明漏斗蛛科目前是一个多系类群：隅蛛属Tegenaria和塔姆蛛属Tamgrinia等类群应该上升为亚科且后者与漏斗蛛亚科的关系明显近于与暗蛛亚科的关系，建议将后者移入漏斗蛛科。此外，分析结果不支持Ubick(2005)将拟杂蛛属Parazanomys等类群作为无筛器隙蛛姐妹群的分析结论，认为不应将拟杂蛛属Parazanomys等类群归入隙蛛亚科。各论部分共记述了5亚科[漏斗蛛亚科Ageleninae、隙蛛亚科Coelotinae、隅蛛亚科，新亚科Tegenariinae subfam.nov.、塔姆蛛亚科，新亚科Tamgriniinae subfam.nov.(漏斗蛛科)和暗蛛亚科Amaurobiinae(暗蛛科)]30属[含7新属：片蛛属，新属Laminaris gen.nov.、新漏斗蛛属，新属Neagelena gen.nov.、顶蛛属，新属Terminatus gen.nov.(漏斗蛛亚科)、囊隙蛛属，新属Saccoelotes gen.nov.(隙蛛亚科)、弧蛛属，新属Curvata gen.nov.、伪塔姆蛛属，新属Pseudotamgrinia gen.nov.(塔姆蛛亚科)和胫暗蛛属，新属Tibamaurobius gen.nov．(暗蛛亚科)]265种(含65新种、2中国新记录种和10个新发现种)，并指出了1个属级同物异名(满蛛属Ambanus=Alloclubionoides)、10个种级同物异名和25个新组合。同时参照王新平(Wang，2003)对隙蛛亚科内属下分种组情况，将中国7种满蛛属Alloclubionoides蜘蛛中的6种分为2个种组；将中国13种亚隙蛛属Asiacoelotes蜘蛛中的12种分为2个种组；将中国44种隙蛛属Coelotes蜘蛛中的18种分为了5个种组；将中国110种龙隙蛛属Draconariusjtjrk蜘蛛中的48种划分为了12个种组；将中国的4种喜隙蛛属Himalcoelotes蜘蛛分为2个种组；将中国的8种扁桃蛛属Tonsilla蜘蛛分为了2个种组。此外，本文还首次对基节后膜进行了电镜观察，发现它存在2种状态；明确给出了所有种类的模式标本信息(包括其产地、采集时间、采集人和保存机构等)；提供了包括所有新种在内的121种蜘蛛的470幅外形和生殖器等特征图、23代表种的137幅电镜扫描图和16种蜘蛛的气管模式图。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spider families Agelenidae and Amaurobiidae are two important groups in Amaurobioidea. The species of these two families is more than 80 per cent of this superfamily. Amaurobioids is one of the primitive groups of Araneomorphae. The funnel web of them is supposed as an intermediate state from the ’originative tube web’ to orb web and linyphiid web and significant on the spider phylogeny. They inhabit on forests, farm fields, bushes, rock crevices, under stones etc. and are important groups of pest enemies. Now there are 38 genera, 488 species of Agelenidae and 71 genera, 643 species of Amaurobiidae from the world and 4 genera, 21 species of Agelenidae and 18 genera, 185 species from Chinese fauna (Platnick, 2006).On the basis of the works of many arachnologists previously, a great deal of specimens collected from China and some type specimens borrowed from other institutions, the Systematics of Chinese agelenid and amaurobiid spiders are studied.In the general account, the review on the natural history, morphological characters and related problems on the phologeny of agelenid and amaurobiid are given. The phylogenetic data for entelegyne spiders published by Griswold et al (2005) are referred. Seven species of Nicodamidae, Titanoecidae, Phyxelididae, Stiphidiidae, Amphinectidae, Desidae and Neolanidae are chosen as outgroups of the phylogenetic analysis in this paper. And 37 species discovered in China, 10 species from other fauna are treated as ingroups. The result suggests: (1) Coelotinae is great closer to Ageleninae than to Amaurobiinae and it should be transferred back to Agelenidae, (2) the cribellate agelenid from New Zealand is far away from the ecribellate agelenids from China and Europe, so the family Agelenidae is thought as a polyphyletic group up to the present, (3) Tegenaria and Tamgrinia and related genera should be elevated to subfamilies’ level and the latter should be transferred to Agelenidae from Amaurobiidae due to the closer relationship with Ageleninae. Additionally, our result does not support the conclusion of Ubick (2005) that Zanomys and the other 2 cribellate genera are treated as the sister group of ecribellate coelotines. In the systematic account, 5 subfamilies [Ageleninae, Coelotinae, Tegenadinae, subfam. nov., Tamgriinae subfam, nov. (Agelenidae) and Amaurobiinae (Amaurobiidae)], 30 genera [including 7 new genera: Laminaris gen. nov., Neagelena gen. nov., Terminatus gen. nov. (Ageleninae), Saccoelotes gen. nov. (Coelotinae), Curvata gen. nov., Pseudotamgrinia gen. nov. (Tamgriniinae) and Tibamaurobius gen. nov. (Amaurobiinae)], 265 species (including 64 new species, 2 new records of China and 10 new discoveries of male or female) are reviewed, 1 genus (Ambanus=Alloclubionoides) and 10 species are newly synonymized and 24 species are newly combined. Referred to the species groups of Coelotinae of Wang (2003), we grouped 96 species of 6 genera into 25 groups: 6 of Chinese Alloclubionoides species into 2 groups, 12 of Chinese Asiacoelotes species into 2 groups, 18 of Chinese Coelotes species into 5 groups, 48 of Chinese Draconarius species into 12 groups, 4 Chinese Himalcoelotes species into 2 groups and 8 Chinese Tonsilla species into 2 groups.Additionally in this paper, 2 states of Retrocoxal hymen of Chinese agelenids and amaurobiids are firstly found under the SEM. The collecting data of type specimens of each species (where, when, who and deposited institutions) are definitely given. And 470 figures of 121 species (all new species included), 137 SEM photos of 23 species and the tracheae patterns of 16 species are given.更多还原