【作者】 周新春；

【导师】 昂海松；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 飞行器设计， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 微型飞行器(Micro Air Vehicle,MAV)因尺寸小、重量轻、隐蔽性好等特点,在军事和民用领域具有十分广泛的应用前景,成为国内外研究的热点。鸟类扑翼飞行方式仅靠一对翅膀就可以完成各种复杂的机动飞行,用很小的能量进行长距离飞行,自然界的飞行生物无一例外采用扑翼方式飞行。扑翼微型飞行器仅仅使用一套扑翼系统就可以提供飞行所需要的升力和推力并具备较强的机动性。扑翼微型飞行器不需要螺旋桨或喷气发动机,大大简化结构,降低机体重量,这是与固定翼和旋翼微型飞行器相比所有的独特优点,因此扑翼微型飞行器必将在新概念飞行器研究领域占有重要地位。如何实现扑翼微型飞行器总体性能最优化是扑翼微型飞行器的一个重要研究方向。本文分析了飞行生物的飞行方式、飞行原理和翅膀的扑动模式等,为扑翼微型飞行器的设计和优化提供理论和仿生学依据。在扑翼微型飞行器的设计和优化工作中,扑翼的气动特性是最基础的问题和难点,了解和认识扑翼在不同运动参数下的气动特性,是对扑翼微型飞行器的设计和优化的依据。本文以南京航空航天大学微型飞行器研究中心研制的“银翅”扑翼微型飞行器为基础,建立柔性扑翼模型,对三维柔性扑翼的非定常低雷诺数流场进行数值模拟,分析各种参数对扑翼气动特性的影响,为扑翼微型飞行器多学科设计优化奠定基础。多学科设计优化是一种解决复杂工程系统和多学科动态影响并实现优化设计的有效方法和工具,90年代初由美国AIAA正式率先提出。其主要思想是在复杂系统设计的整个过程中集成各个学科的知识,并充分考虑各门学科之间的互相影响和耦合作用,应用有效的设计/优化策略和分布式计算机网络系统,来组织和管理整个系统的设计过程,通过充分利用各个学科之间的相互作用所产生的协同作用,以获得系统的整体最优解。MDO最突出的优点在于可以通过充分考虑各学科之间的互相影响和耦合作用来挖掘设计潜力,此外,MDO还具有可以缩短设计周期、降低研制费用等优点。本文分析研究了多学科设计优化的相关方法,通过对组成扑翼微型飞行器的相关学科分析,采用多学科设计优化的方法,对扑翼微型飞行器的设计进行优化,获得了比较好的结果,利用优化后的结果参数对扑翼微型飞行器进行改进设计并进行了飞行试验验证,为扑翼微型飞行器的设计和改型提供了综合设计手段。更多还原

【Abstract】 Micro air vehicle (MAV) possesses many advantages including small in size, light in weight and good in stealth, has a very bright future in military and civilian fields, which make it a hotspot in scientific and aerospace engineering research. Birds can carry out various complicated maneuverable flight with only a pair of flapping wings, and can fly a very long distance by very little energy. All flyable creatures in the nature world fly by flapping wings. Flapping Wings MAV can provide both lift and thrust with only a set of Flapping Wing system, it also has a very good maneuverability. Flapping Wings MAV does not need propeller or jet engine for flight, which makes its structure largely simplified and its weight decreased. These are the particular advantages of Flapping Wings MAV compared with fixed wing and rotor ones. Therefore, Flapping Wings MAV should make an important role in the research of the new concept flyer. How to optimize the general performance of Flapping Wings MAV becomes an important research direction.Firstly, in this paper, the flight mode, flight theory and kinetic mode of flapping wings of the flying creatures are analyzed, which provide a theory and biomimetic basis for designing and optimizing the flapping wings MAV.In designing and optimizing the flapping wings MAV, aerodynamic performances of the flapping wings MAV becomes the most basal problems; the aerodynamic performances of flapping wing under different kinetic parameters becomes the basement for designing and optimizing the flapping wings MAV. In this paper, based on the“silver wing”flapping wings MAV designed by the NUAA MAV research center, a flexible flapping Wing model is built, and the three dimensional unsteady low Reynolds number flow of this model is numerically simulated. Also, the influences of different parameters on the aerodynamic performances of flapping wing are studied. This research establishes a basis for multidisciplinary design optimization of flapping wing MAV.Multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) is an effective way for solving and optimizing complicated engineering system and multidisciplinary dynamic influence. It was first promoted by AIAA in America in the early 1990s. its main idea is to integrate the knowledge of every subject in the whole process of designing a complicated system, and fully take into consideration the interferences and coupling effect, use effective design/optimization strategy and distributed computer network managing and organizing the design process of the whole system, then take advantage of the synergetic effect interacted among the subjects gaining the overall optimal solution of the system. The most standout advantage of MDO is to tap the design potential by fully take into consideration the interference and coupling effect of the subjects. On the other hand, MDO also has the advantages such as shortening the design cycle, decreasing the design cost, etc.In this paper, some MDO methods are studied, and then a flapping wing MAV is optimized by analyzing the related subjects of flapping wing MAV and by using MDO methods. Also, a flight test is carried out as the flapping MAV is redesigned based on the optimizated parameters. All the obtained results indicate that the optimization shows great improvement on aerodynamic performances of flapping wing MAV.更多还原