中国村镇银行可持续发展研究

【作者】 凌峰；

【导师】 俞忠英；

【作者基本信息】 复旦大学 ， 政治经济学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 村镇银行的建立和发展是中国农村金融增量式改革的重要内容。村镇银行要完成对农村金融市场进行“补位”和“激活”的重任,前提是实现本身的可持续发展。村镇银行可持续发展要选对市场,控好风险。目前中国农村金融需求出现了多层次、多元化的特点,而金融供给则是单一的、垄断的和低效的。村镇银行的主要市场应在农村,而不是在县城,主要的客户则应由村镇银行根据当地的市场环境和自身特点,在满足可持续发展的要求下自行确定。村镇银行的信用风险主要源于信息不对称、存在特质性的源风险、缺乏可接受的抵押等。有效控制信用风险除了村镇银行自身需要加强信息搜集和风险监控之外,还需要借助包括完善抵押机制、引入第三方信息源、借助专业农村担保机构、推行联保贷款和推进农村信用体系建设等在内的信用补充机制。村镇银行的系统性风险主要源自大规模的自然灾害和市场风险。控制系统性风险需要有效的风险分散机制,包括坚持以银行业金融机构作为主发起人、加快村镇银行跳跃式发展、发展和利用农业风险分担机制以及建立村镇银行显性存款保险制度等。更多还原

【Abstract】 To establish country banks and accelerate their development is an important part of China’s incremental reform of its rural financial market. On the premise of sustainable development, country banks would fill the voids and promote the competition in rural financial market. At the aim of achieving sustainable development, a country bank should choose a suitable niche market and control its risks.Faced with multi-level and multi-dimensional demands in China’s rural financial market, the current supply is through a single and monopolistic channel with low efficiency. The main niche market for a country bank should be in the countryside, not in county towns. But the targeted customers should be chosen by country banks according to the local financial environment and their own judgment.Information asymmetry, special risks, little acceptable mortgage in rural areas are the principal sources of credit risks for country banks. In addition to industrious information collection and internal risk control, country banks with the purpose of controlling credit risks, should introduce credit supplementing mechanisms, such as improving mortgage system, introducing professional guarantee institutions and the third party source of information in rural areas, undertaking group lending and promoting the construction of rural credit rating system.Large-scale natural calamities and market risks are the main sources of systematic risks for country banks. To control systematic risks, country banks should also introduce risk sharing mechanisms, such as maintaining the practice of requiring banking financial institutions as the core sponsors of country banks, accelerating the expansion of country banks, developing and utilizing agricultural risk sharing mechanisms, and establishing the explicit deposit insurance system for country banks.更多还原