【作者】 李正明；

【导师】 王应海；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 农业电气化与自动化， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 随着燃油汽车造成的能源危机和环境污染的加剧,世界各国都在研制开发节能和无污染或超低污染的汽车,电动代步车作为新型绿色交通工具便应运而生,但传统的设计方法都是以单一能源——蓄电池作为载体,存在行驶距离短、爬坡能力差、充电时间长等诸多难以解决的问题,为此,本文提出一种基于铅酸蓄电池、超级电容与石油组成的混合动力能源结构,并针对混合动力电动代步车电源与驱动系统中的难点问题进行了研究与试验,取得了以下几个方面的成果：1)提出了一种铅酸电池智能管理系统方案。在研究动力型铅酸蓄电池充放电原理基础上,发明一种“预充电——快速变恒流充电——恒压充电——涓流充电”的充电方法,以及基于飞渡电容的能量反馈型均衡控制电路,并以此为基础,设计了基于TMS320LF2812铅酸电池智能管理系统。试验结果表明,此智能系统既保证了动力型电池组的正常运作,又避免了普通铅酸电池管理系统所发生的各种事故,有利于提高混合动力电动代步车动力型铅酸电池能源系统的寿命和安全性2)设计了铅酸电池与超级电容复合能源的再生制动系统。针对复杂工况下基于单一蓄电池再生制动能量回收率较低的问题,利用超级电容瞬间大电流充放电的特性及双向半桥变换器的有机控制,提出并设计了基于复合能源的再生制动系统。采用MATLAB对该系统建模并仿真,结果表明系统不仅能提高混合动力电动代步车整车制动性能,而且圆满解决了制动能量回收较低的问题,有利于延长混合动力电动代步车的一次充电续驶里程。3)提出了一种基于模糊控制的整车控制策略。为解决整车运行效率较低的问题,在对逻辑门限控制策略研究的基础上,对基于逻辑门限控制策略和模糊控制策略的混合动力电动代步车分别进行了建模及比较研究,结果表明设计的模糊控制策略能较好地实现需求转矩在发动机和电机之间的最优分配,降低了污染物的排放。4)设计了Halbach永磁同步电机及其驱动系统。针对混合动力电动代步车对电机高速、高效、高功率密度、快速启停的特殊要求,采用场路结合的方法编写了Halbach永磁同步电机的计算机辅助设计程序,自行设计了Halbach永磁同步电机,同时研究了负载观测器对混合动力电动代步车性能的影响,并对混合动力电动代步车的电力驱动系统进行了软硬件设计。试验结果表明基于矢量控制的Halbach永磁同步电机电力驱动系统达到了混合动力电动代步车的控制要求,应用价值高。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the increased energy crisis and environmental pollution caused by vehicles of fuel, energy saving and pollution-free or low pollution vehicles were developed in every country. Electric scooter, as a new green vehicle came into being, there is a short driving distance, climbing ability, long charging time, and many other difficult issues in the traditional design which with batteries as a single energy carrier. Paper proposed a hybrid energy structure which based on lead-acid battery, super capacitor and oil. Power and drive systems were difficult problems in hybrid electric scooter, from research and testing, results of the following areas were achieved:1) Intelligent management system of lead-acid battery was proposed.Under the theory of lead-acid battery charging and discharging, invented the charge control method of "pre-charge--Quick Change by constant current--constant voltage charge--trickle charge", and energy feedback balance control circuit on flying capacitor. On this basis, intelligent management system of lead-acid battery based on TMS320LF2812 was designed. Experiment results show that this intelligent system not only ensures proper operation of lead-acid battery, and avoid various incidents of the common lead-acid battery management system, which can improve hybrid electric scooter lead-acid battery energy system life and safety.2) Regenerative braking systems based on lead-acid battery and super capacitor were designed. Under complex conditions, regenerative braking system based on battery only has the problem that can not completely absorb the energy from braking, under the characteristics of super capacitor instant high-current charging and discharging and half-bridge converter, regenerative braking System based on composite power system is proposed and designed. Simulation results from MATLAB modeling show that the system can not only improve hybrid electric scooter vehicle braking performance, and successfully solved the problem of low absorbing of braking energy, which can help to extend hybrid electric scooter charge driving range. 3) Control strategy based on fuzzy control of hybrid electric scooter was proposed. To solve the problem of low efficiency of the vehicle, through the study of the threshold logic control strategy, hybrid electric scooter models based on threshold logic control strategy and fuzzy control strategy were carried out and compared, results show that the fuzzy control strategy can be better achieved the demand of optimal torque allocation between engine and motor, reducing the emission of pollutants.4) Halbach permanent magnet synchronous motor and its drive system were designed. To meet with hybrid electric scooter special requirement:high speed, high efficiency, high power density, rapid start and stop, field circuit coupled method was used to design Halbach permanent magnet synchronous motor and its computer aided design program. At the same time, observer of the load on hybrid electric scooter performance was studied, and hybrid electric scooter drive system hardware and software were designed. Experiment results show that Halbach permanent magnet synchronous motor drive system based on vector control can achieve hybrid electric scooter control requirement, has a high value in application.更多还原