【作者】 袁芳；

【导师】 葛春林；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 在现代社会,竞技体育发展水平的高低己成为国家和地区物质文明与精神文明发展水平的标志,如何培养优秀运动员已成为各国竞技体育发展的一项重要工作。优秀女排运动员是中国排球界的宝贵财富,对其成才过程进行多角度、深层次、整体性系统的研究,为中国以后培养优秀女排运动员具有实践指导意义同时也对其他竞技运动项目培养优秀运动员给予借鉴。论文采用专家访谈法、问卷调查法、个案分析法,运用因子分析、假设检验的统计方法对中国女排优秀运动员的成长与培养进行分析,总结影响她们成才的因子,并以郎平和周苏红两位中国女排最具代表性的运动员为个案进行研究。结果表明：影响中国女排优秀运动员成才的主要因子共7类因子分别是：竞赛因子、运动员智能因子、运动训练因子、社会条件因子、身体选材因子、德育结构因子、运动员管理因子。竞赛因子包括运动员比赛经验、运动员对比赛规律、时机把握能力；中国女排优秀运动员的比赛经验丰富,对比赛把握能力较强。智能因子包括智力和知识能力；优秀的注意转移、分配能力和记忆力是其成才的重要智力保障,高中以上的文化水平和丰富的体育专业知识是其成才的知识保障。社会条件因子包括政治、经济、时代需求、体育制度；因而中国女排优秀运动员的成才离不开当时的社会条件。训练因子包括教练员因素、训练方法手段因素、训练条件因素；教练员对中国女排优秀运动员的成长与培养作用较大。身体选材因子包括身体形态、运动素质、生理机能；中国女排优秀运动员的身体选材分别是身体形态、运动素质、生理机能。德育情况因子包括人际关系、体育道德品质、个性心理品质；中国女排优秀运动员的人际关系、体育道德品质非常好,性格以理智意志型为主,对排球运动的兴趣和热爱程度也高。运动员管理因子包括运动员预测规划和流动调节；前者合理程度比较高,后者存在一定不合理性。郎平排球启蒙年龄晚,基础训练、提高训练与竞技保持阶段年限少,最佳竞技阶段取得成绩理想。郎平身体形态一般但弹跳力较好,丰富的比赛经验、对比赛的把握能力和女排精神的支持是郎平取得优异竞技成绩的保障,文化水平的提升是郎平执教水平和社会影响力的保证。周苏红排球启蒙年龄早,基础训练和提高训练阶段年限较长是其最佳竞技阶段年限最长的保障,周苏红身体条件和灵敏性较好,丰富的运动经历与赛事经验以及面对困难不服输和顽强拼搏的精神是其取得竞技佳绩的关键。更多还原

【Abstract】 In modern society, the development of competitive sports has already become the sign of a country or region’s material civilization and spiritual civilization. How to cultivate outstanding athletes has become an important work to develop every country’s athletic sports. Excellent female volleyball players are precious in Chinese volleyball circle, so it is of great practical significance to explore the process of the cultivating them in a widely, deeply, and overall perspective. At the same time, the result will be useful to other events in competitive sports.The paper analyses the cultivating process of the elite Chinese female volleyball athletes using expert interview, questionnaire survey, case analysis, factor analysis and hypothesis testing statistical methods. It summarizes the reasons for their outstanding careers, and use Lang Ping and Zhou Suhong, two of China’s most typical volleyball players, for case-study. The result shows that there are seven main factors that have something to do with the growth of Chinese excellent athletes. These factors are competition, athletes’intelligence, sports training, social conditions, physical traits, moral education, and athletes’management. The competition factors include the athletes’ game experience, the ability to handle the game rules and timing; the Chinese female volleyball excellent athletes have a rich game experience and a strong ability to handle the game. The Intelligent factors include the intelligence and knowledge, the excellent attention, allotment ability, memory which are really important to their great intelligence, a diploma which is above the senior middle school level and a rich sports professional knowledge which is important to their wonderful knowledge capability. The social condition factors include politics, economy, social need and sport system which means Chinese female volleyball excellent athletes should attribute their success to the social condition of the time. The training factors include coaches, training methods, training condition; Coach has a great influence on the growth of Chinese female volleyball excellent athletes. The physical trait factors include physical configuration, the quality of sport, physiological function; the physical features of Chinese female volleyball excellent athletes are the body shape, the quality of sport and mental function. The moral circumstance factors include interpersonal relationships, sports moral quality, psychological quality; Chinese female volleyball excellent athletes have nice interpersonal relationship and sports moral qualities as well as a rational will, an interest and the love for volleyball. Athletes’ management factors include athletes prediction planning and regulation for coordination; the former has a higher reasonability degree, while the latter is certain irrationality. Lang Ping’s volleyball enlightenment age is late who has less basic training, improvement training and competition year and ideal achievements in the best competitive stage. Zhou Suhong’s volleyball enlightenment age is early; she has a longer basic training, and improvement training. It is the reason why she keeps the longest competitive stage. Zhou has a great physical condition and sensitivity, with the rich playing experience, game experience and the spirit of never-give-up, so she did a great job in competitive sports.更多还原