阳光体育与“外来学生群体”的城市融入研究

【作者】 赵溢洋；

【导师】 刘一民；

【作者基本信息】 曲阜师范大学 ， 体育人文社会学， 2011， 博士

【摘要】 上世纪九十年代末以来,许多农民“举家迁徙城市”,2亿城市农民工背后是高达1400万的随迁子女。这些儿童青少年怎样融入城市社会是个意义重要的研究课题。城市外来学生群体能否通过阳光体育,增加他们与同辈群体的社会交往,进而增加他们的社会资本和人力资本,促进他们的城市融入是我们感兴趣的焦点,也能体现出本研究的选题意义和研究价值。主要采用文献分析法、问卷调查法和统计分析法对阳光体育与外来学生群体的城市融入进行研究。首先我们依据社会网分析的相关理论,引入社会资本、人力资本、社会融入等社会学的研究概念,在理论研究的基础上,尝试着提出阳光体育与城市融入测量的相关维度及其测量指标,为发展阳光体育与城市融入问题的实证研究夯实理论基础。接着,我们借鉴了社会网分析中经常被用到的“个人中心网”的研究路线,通过“提名生成”和“提名诠释”的途经来调查外来学生通过阳光体育运动生成的社会网络情况。然后,我们以探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析的技术路线重点研究了外来学生群体通过阳光体育运动生成的“社会资本”“人力资本”,以及外来学生城市融入的结构维度；我们还基于调查样本的客观数据,建构了阳光体育与外来学生群体城市融入的结构方程模型,并对模型进行了分析。最后,依据社会学和行为学理论,我们围绕如何动员社会力量促进和维持外来学生参与阳光体育运动展开研究,其目的是希望利用阳光体育运动的正向功能来促进外来学生群体的城市融入。研究结果表明：外来学生通过阳光体育运动会形成同质性较高的社会网络。外来学生阳光体育社会网中所接触的伙伴以外乡人为主,彼此间以强关系为主(角色关系以好朋友和普通朋友为主；通过阳光体育能共同认识一些人,而且彼此十分熟悉)；外来学生个体可以在阳光体育社会网中获得情感和行为支持(同辈群体间的亲密话题和亲密行为涉及学习和生活中的多个层面)外来学生群体通过阳光体育运动生成的社会资本由4个构面组成,分别是社会凝聚构面、社会适应构面、社会信任构面和社会规范构面。外来学生群体通过阳光体育运动生成的人力资本由2个构面组成,分别是身心健康构面和知识技能构面。外来学生群体的城市融入由2个构面组成,分别是行为适应构面和城市认同构面。外来学生群体通过阳光体育运动生成的社会资本与人力资本具有相关关系,阳光体育生成的社会资本和人力资本对外来学生群体的城市融入均产生正向的积极影响,阳光体育生成的社会资本对外来学生群体城市融入的解释力强于人力资本的解释力。阳光体育促进外来学生群体的城市融入是一项社会行动。在个体心理与行为的微观层面,外来学生个体可以利用理性行为理论、计划行为理论、健康信念模式、跨理论模型、身体活动的广泛决定因素理论促进自身积极主动参与阳光体育运动。在中观阳光体育的组织层面,学校、家庭、社区需要联动以促进外来学生的社会交往,以促进外来学生群体获得社会资源与社会支持。宏观的社会系统动员层面,阳光体育促进外来学生群体城市融入的良性运行需要满足4个功能条件,暨外来学生群体从阳光体育群体中获取资源,利用阳光体育促进外来学生群体城市融入的目标达成,该社会行动的制度控制和情感凝聚,以及社会组织机构维持与复制该社会行动。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the end of the 1990s, many farmers migrate to cities. There are 2 billion urban migrant workers that have up to 14 million migrant children. These children how to blend in urban society is a significant research subject. What we want to know is whether or not Sunshine Sports can help urban migrant students to increase their social communications, human capitals, social capitals, and urban inclusion. This research topic selection reflects the significance and value for our study.Using the methods of literature study, questionnaire and statistics analysis, this paper discusses the issue about Sunshine Sports and the inclusion of urban migrant students. Firstly, we are according to the theory of social network, introducing some sociology concepts such as social capital, human capital and social integration. On the basis of theoretical analysis, we try to put forward the dimensions and measuring index of Sunshine Sports and the inclusion of urban migrant students. This will help solidify for the next empirical study. Then, we use the research route of ego-centered network that is used frequently in the social network analysis. By using the way of nomination generation and nomination interpretation, we investigate the social network characteristics though Sunshine Sports of urban migrant students. By using the way of exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, we measure the structural dimensions of social capital and human capital generated by Sunshine Sports, and structural dimensions of urban migrant students’inclusion. Based on survey data, we build the structural equation modeling of Sunshine Sports and urban migrant students’social inclusion. And this structural equation modeling is analyzed. At last, According to sociology and behavioral theory, we focus on how to mobilize social forces to promote urban migrant students to participate in Sunshine sports, and to promote urban migrant students’social inclusion.The result shows that:Through the questionnaire survey, we found that urban migrant students formed homogeneity social networks by the Sunshine Sports.In this social network, peer groups most are immigrants. They relationship are strong ties. The role relationships between them are good friends or friends. Though Sunshine Sports urban migrant students get to know groups of persons, and they become very familiar. Urban migrant students can get feelings and behavior support from social network of Sunshine Sports. Close topic and behavior of peer groups involves the multiple facets of lives. Though exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, we find that by Sunshine Sports urban migrant students generated social capital with four dimensions composition. They are the dimensions of social cohesion, social adaptability, social trust and social norms. By Sunshine Sports urban migrant students generated human capital with two dimensions composition. They are the dimensions of physical and mental health, knowledge skills. The social inclusion of urban migrant students consists of two dimensions composition, respectively is behavior adapt dimensions and urban identity dimensions.Though the analysis about structural equation modeling of Sunshine Sports and urban migrant students’social inclusion, we find that there is correlation between social capital and human capital of urban migrant students generated by Sunshine Sports. Social capital and human capital can produce positive impact to the social inclusion of urban migrant students. The explanatory power of urban social capital on urban migrant students is stronger than the explanatory power of human capital.It is a social action that using Sunshine Sports to promote social inclusion of urban migrant students. Micro-level, individual student can using theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, the health belief model Tran theoretical stages of change model, wider determinants of physical activity to improve their active participation Sunshine Sports. Mesosphere, Schools, families, communities need to promote urban migrant students linkage of social contacts, to promote urban migrant students community obtain social resources and social support. Macro-level, using Sunshine Sports to promote social inclusion of urban migrant students needs 4 functions. Those functions are that urban migrant students adapt to resources of groups of Sunshine Sports, goals for using Sunshine Sports to promote social inclusion of urban migrant students, social action has system control and emotional cohesion, and social bodies can maintain the action.更多还原