【作者】 卢玲；

【导师】 刘志民；

【作者基本信息】 上海体育学院 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 女性体育是一个重大的社会问题,它不仅关系到女性与体育,而且关系到女性与社会、女性地位、女性价值观等问题。在举国体制下,我国女性竞技体育已展现出大国风貌,取得的成绩另人刮目相看,令其他领域的女性为之一振,但我国女性在竞技体育中的深层次参与,在平等分享资源等方面,结果并不是很理想。通过查阅文献发现,以往研究较多关注地是女性在竞技体育中运动员的身份,研究很少关注竞技体育中的女性作为社会人的存在与发展,很少关注她们除运动员之外的其他社会身份或背景,跨学科研究更是比较少。如果我们在今后的研究中对这些问题还不加以重视,这势必会影响我国竞技发展的效率和公平,从而影响我国竞技体育的可持续发展。因此,很有必要以一些新的视角将竞技体育中的女性呈现出来,让人们体会她们的世界,听到她们的声音,以促进女性竞技体育的发展。为较系统地掌握本专题的概貌及最前沿的研究动态与发展状况、为本文提供理论依据,文献资料法是本研究的主要方法之一。除此以外,本研究还将量化的社会调查法和质化的访谈法结合运用,不仅希望通过对一线队伍和管理人员的问卷调查,准确把握我国竞技体育中女性的状况和主要特征,而且也希望通过考察正在参与和参与过我国竞技体育的女性运动员以及女性管理人员,以开放性问题进行了正式和非正式的访谈,了解了她们的价值观念、情感感受和行为规范,了解当事人过去的生活经历以及她们耳闻目睹的有关事件,并且了解她们对这些事件的意义解释。通过这种趋于量化的实证与质化的思辨可能的融合,试图从理论上探讨我国女性在竞技体育参与中的影响因素以及提高女性参与的策略,以促进我国竞技体育可持续发展,促进和谐社会的建设。通过研究发现,自1949年新中国成立以来,中国女性在竞技体育的参与中获得了巨大的成绩,令世人瞩目。在取得成绩的同时,女性竞技体育也积累了一些宝贵的实践经验,主要表现在：党和国家对女性竞技体育的重视、男性的支持与合作是我国女性竞技体育发展的重要保障,这些经验对进一步指导我国的女性竞技体育的发展有十分积极的意义。但也同时存在参与的主体单一、女性竞技体育优势在弱化、女性的竞技体育参政与运动参与存在差距等不足的问题。针对建国以来我国竞技体育女性参与过程中积累的经验以及存在的问题,本研究首先从社会性别分析入手,对女性运动员和女性管理人员参与竞技体育运动经历进行了考察,发现在传统文化中所形成的性别逻辑对我国女性在竞技体育中的发展有着重要的影响。在坚持使用两性社会划分的同时,本研究还同时从社会学如政治、经济、家庭、主体意识、社会资本以及大众传媒等因素对我国竞技体育的女性参与进行了分析,发现这些因素在促进女性参与竞技体育的同时也在一定程度上阻碍着女性竞技体育的发展。政治方面,有利的方面是民族解放、阶级解放与女性解放三者的互动推动着中国女性竞技体育的参与,不利的方面就是政治在某些方面的不足与缺位在一定程度上影响了女性对竞技体育的参与。经济方面,经济的发展对女性竞技体育有着推动作用,但是女性竞技体育在市场经济改革的背景下也受到了一定的冲击。家庭方面,家庭环境和女性在家庭中的角色对女性参与竞技体育有着较为重要的影响。主体意识方面,虽然女性主体意识的发展奠定了女性参与竞技体育的基础,对女性的自我意识得到进一步加强有着积极的促进作用,但是整体上来说我国女性参与竞技体育的主体意识还是比较薄弱的。社会资本方面,我国竞技体育中女性的社会资本还是欠缺的。大众传媒方面,虽然传媒在改善女性观念,提高女性的认识有着积极的作用,但是由于大众传媒充满着男性话语,这对女性参与竞技体育还是有着一定的负面影响。为推动女性更深层、更全面参与到我国竞技体育中,本研究最后提出了促进我国女性全面参与竞技体育的策略：明确女性全面参与竞技体育的主体、构建新的社会性别文化、加快体制改革、促进家庭功能发展、加强女性主体意识的培养和构建女性社会资本。更多还原

【Abstract】 The feminine sports, it is a significant social question, it not only relates the female and the sports, moreover relates female and society, feminine status, feminine values and so on. Under the whole nation system, feminine sports in China hasve unfolded the great nation style. It has made the huge progress and makes other female inspiring for it. But it found that the results are not very satisfactory on the deep involvement and the equal sharing of resources in women’s sports in China. And also it found that the previous studies paid more attention to the sports status of women athletes in stead of paying attention to women in sports in as a social human existence and development. The cross-disciplinary researches in feminine sports are very few. If we have not taken these questions, these insufficiencies will have certain influence to the efficiency and equity in feminine sports.Thus it will affects the sustainable development in our country’s sports. Therefore, it is necessary to present women’s appearance by some new angles, let people understand their world, hear their voices, and at last to promote the development of feminine sports.In order to grasp a more systematic overview of the topic and the most cutting-edge research, the literature and data is one of main methods in this research. Except for this, the social survey and interview method are also used in this study, because that the author expect to not only grasp women’s status and the main features in China from the social survey, but also hope to understand their thinking, their values, emotional feelings and behaviors from the interview of those female athletes, female coaches and female managers. By using those methods, the author attempts to discuss the influencing factors in feminine sports in our country as well as enhances the strategy which the female participation.And to promote the sustainable development and harmonious constructionin in China’s sportsThrough the research discovery, new China was established since 1949, the Chinese females have obtained the huge result in athletics sports’s participation. While makes the progress, the feminine sports also gained in some precious experience, they are:the party and the country’s emphasis on female sports, the masculine support and cooperation are our important safeguards in development of feminine sports in China. These experiences will have the very positive significance to further instruct our country’s feminine sports. But at the same time there were also some shortcomings, suth as the body of the participation is single, female superiority in sports are weaken, there is a gap between women in management in sports and women in competitive sports.In order to solve those problems, this study analysis the reasons from gender at the start, and found that the traditional culture in China have a significant impact on women’s sports. In addition to use gender social divided, this study also analysis the reasons from sociology factors such as political, economic, family, subject consciousness, social capital and media.The author found that these factors play a positive role in promoting female participation in sports,and also they have a negative effection on female sports. Mainly as follows:the political aspect, the advantageous aspect is the interaction of national liberation, class emancipation and Women’s liberation movement the development of women’s participation in sports, and at the same tiome some negative aspects of politics affected the development in female participation in sports. The economic aspect, the economical development has the promotion effect to the feminine sports, but the market reforms have also been some negative impact on women’s sports. Family, family environment and women’s role in the family have a more significant impact. Consciousness, although the development of female consciousness laid the foundation for women’s participation in sports, but the consciousness in women’s participation in sports is still relatively weak. The social capital aspect, social capital in women’s sports is lacking. Mass media context, although the media has some positive effects on improving women’s ideas, but the mass media is controlled by male and to a certain extent it has hindered the development of the feminine sports.Feminine sports in our country should pay attention to the construction of the following aspects:clear the subjection in feminine sports, build a new gender culture, speeding up structural reforms, promote the development of family functioning, strengthen the cultivation of subjective consciousness of women and build women’s social capital.更多还原