【作者】 李宇雨；

【导师】 但斌；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 随着科学技术的进步和市场竞争的深化,客户越来越追求满足其个性化需求的产品,同时对企业响应速度的要求也越来越高。这使得以最短的时间满足客户多样化需求成为了企业竞相追逐的目标。为此,企业纷纷采取了各种先进的生产技术和管理理念,按订单装配(Assemble-to-order,ATO)生产方式也因此成为众多企业优先考虑的生产方式之一。ATO生产模式下,制造商在接到客户的订单后,按客户需求将零部件组装成产成品,并且组装完成后就立刻送达客户处满足其需求,因此,零部件补货策略的制定成为影响ATO生产模式顺利实施的关键因素。而ATO生产模式与传统的存货式生产模式差别很大,使得传统的零部件生产订货策略研究结果难以应用到ATO系统中,因此,有必要对ATO环境下制造商的零部件补货策略进行研究。论文主要针对ATO生产企业零部件补货中的关键问题,即客户驱动需求替代下的零部件补货策略;企业驱动需求替代下的零部件补货策略;混合补货模式下的零部件补货策略等进行了理论、算例及案例研究,给出了制造商最优产品生产组合、定价及零部件补货策略,为ATO生产企业制定这些策略提供理论依据。首先,论文研究了基于客户驱动需求替代的制造商零部件补货策略。考虑客户需求存在异质性偏好,客户的购买行为受到产品价格和企业库存情况影响,在假设制造商以通用零部件和专用零部件组装生产同一产品族中内在价值不同的产品,建立基于客户驱动需求替代的产品族ATO制造商产品定价及零部件补货模型,通过模型求解与仿真分析,给出ATO制造商最优定价及补货策略;随后假设当产品内在价值、市场售价以及客户对产品内在价值的认可程度均为共同知识,以利润最大化为目标建立了基于客户驱动需求替代的产品族ATO制造商产品生产组合和零部件补货模型,给出制造商产品生产组合和零部件最优补货策略,以及最优解的寻优步骤,并通过数值仿真算例及实际案例分析对模型进行验证。其次,论文研究了基于企业驱动需求替代的制造商零部件补货策略。考虑在企业驱动需求替代环境下(即企业在产品族中的某一产品缺货期时,降低产品族中另一产品的价格,导致需求替代),产品族ATO制造商以通用零部件和专用零部件组装生产同一产品族中需求可相互替代的产品,且在产品缺货期间,给予客户一定价格折扣以提高客户品牌忠诚度,留住客户,降低缺货损失,建立替代性需求下的产品族ATO制造商零部件补货模型,通过模型求解与仿真分析,给出ATO制造商最优补货策略及寻优步骤,最后运用数值仿真算例及实际案例对模型进行分析。最后,论文研究了混合补货方式下制造商的零部件补货策略。考虑在ATO系统中同时存在拉动式和推动式两种补货方式,建立相应的ATO制造商零部件补货模型,运用逆向归纳法求出系统最优解,并对模型进行了理论分析、数值仿真算例分析以及主要参数灵敏度分析,最后将模型应用于实际案例中,对模型的有效性及可靠性进行验证。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of the science and technology as well as the market competition becoming intensive, customers ask for a more specific product and quicker response from enterprises. As a result, meeting various demands of customers as quick as possible has become the target of many enterprises, for which enterprises have adopted a variety of advanced production technologies and management concepts, among which assemble-to-order (ATO) has become one of the preferential production mode of many enterprises.Under the ATO production mode, the manufacturer assembles final products with parts and components according to customers’demands after receiving their orders. Therefore, a good compontents replenishment policy is a key factor for a successful implementing ATO production mode. However, as the ATO mode is so different from the traditional build to stock production mode that the traditional replenishment strategies are not appropriate to be applied in ATO system, it is necessary to study the manufacturer’s components replenishment policies in ATO system.In this thesis, the key issues of components replenishment of ATO manufacturer are studied, including components replenishment policies under customer-driven demand substitution, enterprise-driven demand substitution or mixed replenishment mode. The theoretical models, numerical examples and realitical cases are proposed to obtain and testify the optimal policies of product portfolio and pricing, as well as components replenishment. The conclusions of this thesis propose a theoritial basis for ATO manufacturers’decision making.First, the components replenishment policies under customer-driven demand substitution are studied. Under the assumption that the buying behavior of customers, whose demand is heterogeneous, is affected by product prices and manufacturer’s inventory level, and the product family ATO manufacturer assembles family products with a common component and specific components, a components replenishment model under customer-driven demand substitution is developed. The optimal product pricing and components replenishment policy of manufacturer is proposed. Furthermore, under the assumption that the intrinsic value and sales price of products, and the type of potential customer are common knowledge, the model of product portofolio and components replenishment for ATO manufacturer under customer-driven demand substitution is developed, and the optimal policy and algorithm for it are proposed. Finally, two numerical examples and a realitical case are given to illuminate the models.Second, the component replenishment policy under enterprise-driven demand substitution is studied. Considering that the ATO manufacturer assembles family products with common component and specific components, and affords a certain price discounts to customers to enhance customer brand loyalty and reduce the cost of shortage and lost sale when the component is out of stock, a components replenishment model under enterprise-driven demand substitution is developed, and the optimal policy and algorithm for it are proposed through theoretical analysis. Finally, a numerical example and a realitical case are given to illuminate the model.Finally, the component replenishment policy under replenishment of push and pull mode is studied. Considering that push replenishment mode and pull replenishment mode are simultaneously adopted by ATO manufacturer, a model of the ATO manufacturer’s conponents replishment under mixed replishment is developedit, and the optimal solution is obtained by backward induction approach. Finally, a numerical example and a realitical case are proposed to illuminate the model.更多还原