【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 王其亨；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 建筑设计及其理论， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 先秦时期是中国传统文化的架构期,它奠定了古代几千年文化理论与实践的基础。此期,原始思维向理性思维发展,追求人与自然的和谐共生一直是其发展的主旋律,并最终形成了“天人合一”的生态哲学思想。以此为核心精神和理论基础,先秦诸家生态思想达于体系化,早期园林成为兼具物质生态与生态审美功能的场所,追求良好生态与优美景观的山水园林城市业已形成。近代以来,由于“西学东渐”和西方注重分析的理性思维模式的影响,中国学术界对先秦生态思想及建筑的研究主要受西方生态理论影响,且尚不系统、深入,存在研究空白。本文循着古人的思想发展轨迹,追述了传统生态思想的发生根源,述及早期礼乐文化以及生态伦理、生态审美、生态建筑观的滥觞。嗣后阐述了传统自然观和生命观的发展历史及主要特征,在此基础上形成的以“天人合一”为哲学主旨的传统生态智慧,涉及人们思想与实践的各个领域。思想方面,文章以先秦时期作为文化主流的儒、道两家为主要研究对象,详细分析了传统生态伦理、生态审美与生态科学思想。实践方面,系统梳理了早期园林和城市建设的生态思想。早期园林由物质生产基地发展而来,其生态主题包括物质生产、资源保护、水利建设、田猎场所、与天对话及教育和养老场所。受传统礼乐文化的影响,早期园林追求生态和谐之美及人的精神栖居的双重审美功能已经显化并确立。中国传统城市营建中的环境意向,表现在传统风水理论和实践之中,它起源于人类早期的择址定居。文章详细阐述了先秦山水城市的历史沿革与城市生态规划思想,重点分析了《周礼》建国制度,并以秦咸阳为典型个案,从城市选址、城市生态规划、园林生态建设及城市规划的现实意义四方面进行研究和分析。最后,对先秦建筑营造的生态思想从建筑材料与结构和建筑庭院空间形态两方面进行分析,藉此展现中国传统生态思想对传统建筑无所不包的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been erected for the structure of traditional culture in China during Pre-Qin period which lay a foundation for the ancient culture theories and practice of thousands of years. At this stage, with original thinking turning to rational thinking, pursuing to live in harmony and together between man and nature has been the main aim which comes in to the ecosystem philosophy on the unity of nature and man finally. It being taken as the core spirit and the theories foundation, the ecosystem thoughts of different schools have been systematic during Pre-Qin period, the garden in early stage become a place including the function of production ecosystem and ecological aesthetics and a special garden city of landscape has evolved that pursued the good ecosystem and beautiful view.Since modern times, for the ideological infiltration from the West to China and the western influence of rational thought mode which lay stress on analysis, the study on the ecosystem thought and building in Chinese academic circles are carried on according to the western ecosystem theories, is not systematic and intensive and there still remained many blanks.Following the thinking track of the ancients, the paper trace to the source of the traditional ecosystem thoughts, involving the early culture of Rite(li) and Art(yue) and the bud of ecology ethics, ecological aesthetics with the view of ecosystem building.The paper expounds the history and main characteristic of the traditional view on the nature and life. On the base of it the ecological wisdom in tradition comes into being with the philosophy on the unity of nature and man, touching upon each filed of thought and practice.In the aspect of thought, the paper take Taoism and Confucianism as main research objects which are the mainstream of culture during Pre-Qin period and give a detail analysis on traditional thoughts of the ecology ethics; ecological aesthetics with ecosystem science.About practice, it combs the ecosystem thoughts in system for the garden in early days and the city construction. The garden in early times comes from the source of material production and its function on ecosystem include the material production, the resources protection, water conservancy construction, hunting, exchanging with the heaven, education and to enjoying life for the retired. Affected by the traditional culture of Rite(li) and Art(yue), pursuing ecological aesthetics including harmony and spirit living of people for the garden in early times were gradually accentuated and finally established.The environment is cared for in the construction of the traditional city which is included in the traditional theory and practice of fengshui. It can be traced back to the site-selection of mankind in earlier period. The article systematically expounds the course of change and development and the ecosystem thoughts in city planning on the landscape city during Pre-Qin period. Then it give a express analysis on the city construction system in Rites of Zhou (Zhou Li ). As a typical case, the city of Xianyang in Qin Dynasty is studied and analysis from four aspects of site selection, ecosystem city planning, ecosystem garden construction and the real significance of the city planning. In the end, the paper interprets the ecosystem thought of the building construction during Pre-Qin period from two respects as the next. One is the material and structure of building, the other is the building courtyard space. The purpose is to show the profound influence of the traditional ecosystem thought to the traditional building in China.更多还原