【作者】 刘苏敏；

【导师】 黎洪生；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 无线传感器网络是由大量低成本、低功耗、具有无线通信和计算能力的微型传感器节点组成的自组织分布式网络系统,涉及无线通信技术、传感器技术、嵌入式技术和微电机技术等多门学科。它改变了人类与现实物理世界的交互方式,在军事、医疗、环境监测、灾难救援、工业控制、智能家居等领域彰显出巨大的应用价值。目前无线传感器网络面临的主要问题是计算、存储和网络资源等方面的限制,针对如何进行无线传感器网络中节点高效率、低能耗的管理机制展开研究具有十分重要的意义。本文主要在满足无线传感器网络应用需求的前提下对节点的休眠／唤醒机制和节点功率管理机制进行了研究,研究的主要工作体现在以下几个方面：针对可获取传感器节点位置信息的无线传感器网络,以TIAN算法中确定冗余节点的理论为基础,提出了一种基于能量阈值设定的节点休眠／唤醒机制,将工作节点的能量消耗问题视为节点轮转工作与休眠状态的关键因素。针对网络中探测区域内长期工作的传感器节点能量持续消耗所造成的节点探测性能下降(探测半径减小),从而导致盲区出现的情况,给节点设置相应的能量消耗阈值,让其能量消耗到一定程度上重新开始判别自身的工作状态。使得监测网络可以最大限度的利用节点的能量来完成相关任务,有效的平衡了网络的整体能量消耗。同时在无需节点精确位置信息的无线传感器网络环境中,结合模糊控制算法,设计出一种基于模糊能量控制的节点休眠／唤醒机制,使得节点不仅能够根据自身能量变化的多少而且还可同时考虑其能量消耗的快慢程度来调整其休眠或工作状态。在探测区域内让能量消耗较多的节点进入休眠,能量充足的节点工作。达到了提高了网络的整体生存寿命,增强单个传感器节点能效的目的。针对无线传感器网络中节点能耗的动态变化,引入蚁群优化算法,在保证网络中节点双向连通的条件下,制定出一种基于蚁群算法的节点功率控制管理机制,以节点数据传输流量大小为依据,自适应地调整节点的发射功率,利用蚁群优化算法在网络中重新建立传输路由。在无线传感器网络中建立低能耗的数据通信路径,有效降低网络的整体能量消耗。以无线传感器网络为通信平台搭建了油田抽油机远程运行监测系统,综合了本文所提出的节点模糊能量控制理论,在大范围的监测区域内有效的提高了系统的使用周期,克服了传统油田生产监测方式所带来的诸多不便,极大的提高了油田生产的自动化性能。本文研究了无线传感器网络节点管理技术中的核心问题,以提高网络能耗效率,延长网络和节点的有效工作周期为原则,设计出相关的节点管理控制算法,研究结果表明,以传感器节点能耗为出发点,配以节点的自适应设计,能有效提高网络生存寿命。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wireless sensor network is a distributed self-organizing network made up by a large number of micro-sensor nodes with low cost, low power and wireless communication and computing capability, involving many subjects such as wireless communication technology, sensor technology, embedded technology and micro-motor technology. It has changed the interactive mode between human beings and the physical world, and is of great application value in the area of military, medical, environmental monitoring, disaster relief, industrial control, intelligent home highlights and so on. Currently, the main problems of wireless sensor networks are constraints of computing, storage and network resources. Therefore, study on the node management mechanism of wireless sensor network node witch have high efficiency and low power is great significant. Under the premise of meeting the applications needs of the wireless sensor network, this paper works on nodes sleep/ wake-up mechanism and the node power management mechanism, witch can be reflected in following respects:For the wireless sensor networks witch have available locations of sensor nodes, on the base of redundant nodes identify theory of TIAN algorithm, this paper proposes a nodes sleep/wake-up mechanism based on energy threshold. This mechanism takes node energy consumption as a key factor of node working rotation. Within the blind spots of detection region resulted by decreased detection performance (probe radius decreases) of sustainable working nodes, set the corresponding energy consumption threshold for nodes, to make nodes re-determine their own working status when their energy consumption reach to a certain extent. This allows monitoring network maximize the node energy to complete the tasks and balance the network’s overall energy consumption.At the same time, for the wireless sensor networks without nodes accurate location information, combining with fuzzy control algorithm, we design a node sleep /wake-up mechanism based on fuzzy power control, which allows the nodes are according to not only their own energy changes but also the speed level of energy consumption to adjust their sleeping or working status. In detection regions, great energy consumption nodes enter sleeping status, while energy adequate nodes work, which raises the life of overall network and enhance the energy efficiency of a single node.For the dynamic changes of nodes energy consumption of wireless sensor network, we introduce the ant colony optimization algorithm, to develop a kind of node power control and management mechanism based on ant colony algorithm under the condition that ensure the network nodes are in bi-directional connectivity. It is based on the size of the node data flow adaptively adjusts nodes transmission power, and re-establish transmission route using ant colony optimization algorithm. Create the low-power data communication paths to effectively reduce the network’s overall energy consumption.Combining the node fuzzy energy control theory proposed in this paper, we build an oil pumping unit remote operation monitoring system by taking wireless sensor network as the communication platform, witch improves the system’s life cycle in a wide range of monitoring region effectively, overcomes the inconvenience of traditional oil equipment monitoring and greatly improve the oilfield automatic production performance.This paper studies the core issues of wireless sensor network node management, and designs the relevant node management and control algorithms in the principle of improving network energy efficiency and extending the network and nodes the effective working cycle. Results shows that taking the nodes energy consumption as a starting point coupled with the adaptive design of nodes can effectively improve the life of networks.更多还原