【作者】 张辉；

【导师】 漆多俊；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 宏观调控权是现代市场经济阶段才产生的一种新型国家经济权力——国家经济调节权；它与中观调控权是整体性权力与局部性权力的关系。宏观调控权源于法律,服从于法律,止于法律；法律高于宏观调控权力,大于宏观调控权力,控制宏观调控权力。在法律控权论语境之中,宏观调控权法律控制,是指通过法律规定驾驭、支配宏观调控权的措施。它涵括了宏观调控权法律限制、宏观调控权法律制约、宏观调控权法律监督之涵义。现代市场经济国家(包括转型国家)必须对宏观调控权实行法律控制。它是抑制宏观调控权异化之所需,保障“社会主体通过初次分配所获取的正当经济利益”之所需,也是实现宏观调控法治化题中应有之义。宏观调控权法律控制的公理性具体原则包括,权力限制原则、正当程序原则、权责一致原则；并且从这三项公理性具体原则中可以归纳出宏观调控权法律控制的公理性基本原则——比例适度原则。宏观调控权法律控制的方式包括,通过法律确认各社会主体经济权利、通过法律保障社会民众经济权力,以及通过法律将宏观调控权力予以分解。其中,通过法律将宏观调控权力予以分解的方式,是宏观调控权法律控制的主要方式。而要使这一主要方式得以实现,应先通过法律将宏观调控权分解为宏观调控决策权、宏观调控执行权、宏观调控监督权；再分别对这三种“基本宏观调控权力”的设定、行使及其责任追究予以法律控制。如果以转型法律学为中心视角,审视我国转型期的宏观调控活动,那么这一时期的宏观调控活动中存在着一种宏观调控权之设定和行使失去相应法律规范的行为——宏观调控失范行为。这一宏观调控失范行为产生的原因主要是,我国转型期宏观调控法律制度体系中,某些法律供给缺失、控权不能、控权不足；我国转型过程之中,应转变政策调控的习惯思维、职权主义的立法模式、粗放主义的立法策略,通过法律制度的变革,对这种特殊的宏观调控行为予以规制。我国有必要通过制定宏观调控基本法,构建起宏观调控权法律控制的体系框架。我国宏观调控基本法应明确规定：我国宏观调控决策权主体,是全国人大及其常委会；它行使权力的方式是“审查和批准国民经济和社会发展计划、国家预算,以及部份调整方案”；其如果违法行使权力应自行承担宏观调控决策法律责任。我国宏观调控执行权主体,是国务院；它通过“经济行政行为”执行宏观调控决策——“国民经济和社会发展计划、国家预算”；其如果违法行使权力应追究宏观调控执行法律责任。我国宏观调控监督权主体,是全国人大及其常委会,它主要通过“审查国家计划和国家预算”、“询问和质询”、“组织特定问题调查委员会”、“审查和批准决算”、“听取和审议国民经济和社会发展计划、预算执行情况的报告”、“听取和审议审计工作报告”等方式,行使对国务院宏观调控执行活动进行监督的权力；其如果违法行使权力应自行承担宏观调控监督法律责任。更多还原

【Abstract】 Macro-control power is a new type of national economic power-the power of national economic adjustment at the stage of modern market economy; and its relationship with the micro-control power is one of integral power with partial power. Macro-control power is from law, under law and by law. Law is superior to, powerful than, and has control over macro-control power. The legal control of macro-control power in the context of legal control view means formulating the measures of governing and controlling macro-control power. They cover the legal restraint, restriction and supervision of macro-control power.Modern market economy countries (including transition countries) should have legal control over macro-control power, which is necessary for inhibition of the implementation of legal control and for the protection of alienation of the macro-control needed to protect the " the legitimate economic interests obtained by social subjects through the initial distribution ", and it is what it means by the topic of macro-control legislation. In addition, the specific principles of public reason on the legal control of macro-control power consist of the principle of power limitation, the principle of due process, and the principle of the unity of right and obligation. And from the three specific principles of public reason we can deduce the basic principle of public reason for legal control of the power of macro-control—the proportionality principle.The manners of the legal control of the macro-control power include:by means of law, identifying the social mainstream economy rights, protecting the economic power of the people of the society, and the dividing macro-control power. Among them, the manner of dividing macro-control power through the law is the main way of the legal control of macro-control power. However, in order to effectuate the main manner, it is necessary to firstly divide the power of macro-control through the law into three kinds of basic macro-control power:macro-control decision-making power, executive power and supervision power before legally controlling the setup, practice and accountability of the three basic kinds of power.By analysing the legal texts, the current situation of the legal relative on the legal control of macro-control power is identified and it also describes the legal system of macro-control for the estate tax, the financial tax, and the industry in China today. And on this basis, macro-control activities are analyzed and the macro-control anomie behavior is pointed out in the macro-control activities at the transition stage, and it is suggested that this may be related to the fact that there exist the legal supply missing and shortage in power control in the legal system of macro-control. It also suggested that at the stage of transition, the habitual thinking about policy control, power doctrine of the legislative model, and the extensive doctrine of legislative strategy should be changed and this particular behavior should be effectively regulated through the legal system reform.At present, it is necessary to construct a systematic framework for legal control of macro-control power by making the basic law of macro-control in our country. The basic law of macro-control should stipulate clearly that the main body of the macro-control decision-making power is the NPC and its Standing Committee; its way to the exercise of power is "to examine and approve the national economic and social development plans, the state budget, and part of adjustment programs. " The abuse of macro-control decision-making power by The NPC and its Standing Committee should make them bear the legal responsibility themselves. According to our Constitution, the right of the main implementation of macroeconomic regulation is set by the State Council, which acts through economic," the exercise of power—the implementation of the macro-control policy-making. The abuse of macro-control power by the State Council should make it bear the legal responsibility. The main body of macro-control supervision power is set the NPC and its Standing Committee, but its supervision mode to macro-control power is not identical. The abuse of macro-control power supervised by the NPC and its Standing Committee should make it bear the legal responsibility.更多还原