【作者】 张颖；

【导师】 孙向阳； 康向阳；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 土壤学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 三倍体毛白杨(triploid Populus tomentosa)是短期内解决造纸原料的最佳品种。为了更好的实现林纸结合产业化,科学管理人工林生产,本文在三倍体毛白杨最适宜生产的地区,通过连续对三倍体毛白杨纸浆林定点采样分析和测定,深入系统地对三倍体毛白杨无性系叶片营养特性和叶片营养诊断进行了研究,得出的研究结果如下：1、造林后第5年时,每月采集叶片测定叶片养分含量,结果表明,不同月份的叶片养分含量差异显著,不同无性系间叶片养分含量的差异亦达显著水平；叶片N、P和K含量春季4月时最高；N和K元素在夏季6、7月间内出现第二次吸收高峰。对照二倍体无性系1319的叶片N、P和K含量低于其他4个三倍体无性系叶片的N、P和K含量,而Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的含量高于三倍体无性系叶片的养分含量,且差异均达显著水平。2、造林后第2年至第5年的4年里,对不同林龄不同季节的叶片养分含量进行分析,结果表明叶片养分含量不同季节的差异达显著水平。叶片N、P和K元素的含量随季节变化逐渐降低,含量变化表现为春季>夏季>秋季；叶片Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn的含量随季节变化而逐渐增加；Mg含量在夏季时较高。对于不同林龄下叶片营养特性,叶片营养元素的含量均是N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu；叶片N、P、K含量在3或4年生时最高,而Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu和Zn等元素含量在5年生最高。3、对叶片养分含量进行主成分分析,得出新品种测试林(试验区Ⅰ)中无性系叶片营养元素重要性的顺序为Fe、Mn、Ca、P、K、Mg、Zn、N和Cu,品种对比与区域化试验林(试验区Ⅱ)中无性系叶片营养元素重要性的顺序为N、Mg、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn和P。以叶片营养浓度进行聚类分析,能够初步将无性系分类。将叶片养分含量与林龄、蓄积量、胸径和树高等林木生长量进行回归分析,得出叶片K、N、Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn含量与林木生长的关系密切；从造林后第1年至第5年,每年秋季定点采取土样测定,将林地土壤养分与林木生长量进行逐步回归分析,结果表明土壤pH值、土壤全氮、全磷、速效钾、全钙、全铁、全锰、全铜和全锌的含量与林木生长关系密切；综合养分归还量及循环系数的结果,建议在生产中注意林地N肥和Ca肥的施用,以满足林木生长的需要。4、根据临界值、相对生长速率、标准值及DRIS法的计算三倍体毛白杨短轮伐期(5年)人工林无性系的叶片营养诊断范围的结果,新品种测试林(试验区Ⅰ)中的无性系叶片养分含量最适值范围是：N 22.91～27.99 g／kg,P 0.96～1.11 g／kg,K 10.29～12.13 g／kg,Ca 11.83～17.27 g／kg,Mg 3.72～4.93 g／kg,Fe 249.9～300.7 g／kg,Mn 69.8～72.3g/kg,Cu 20～24 g／kg,Zn 121～134.3 g／kg；品种对比与区域化试验林(试验区Ⅱ)中无性系的叶片养分含量最适值是：N 25.96～40.09 g／kg,P 1.50～1.53 g／kg,K9.46～11.59 g／kg,Ca 12.3～14.94 g／kg,Mg 3.82～4.64 g／kg,Fe 202.5～208.1 mg／kg,Mn 72.8～103.4 mg／kg,Cu 18.6～21 mg/kg,Zn 112.6～142.9 mg／kg。三倍体毛白杨人工林叶片养分含量处于最适值时,人工林产量最高。三倍体毛白杨无性系人工林短轮伐期内(5年)的需肥顺序分别为：新品种测试林(试验区Ⅰ)中的无性系,Ca>P>Cu>Fe>K>N>Zn>Mg>Mn；品种对比与区域化试验林(试验区Ⅱ)中的无性系,P>Mg>N>K>Ca>Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu。根据DRIS法和标准值法分别对2、3、4和5年生的三倍体毛白杨人工林叶片营养进行诊断,得出不同林龄叶片营养标准及需肥顺序,结果可以更好的为不同林龄三倍体毛白杨人工林养分管理提供依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Triploid Populus tomentosa is the superior series for the papermaking raw material. In order to combine trees production with paper and pulp engineering advancely, and implement scientific nutrient management, foliar nutritional charicteristics and foliar nutrient diagnosis of triploid Populus tomentosa were studied in this paper. Large samples were selected from triploid Populus tomentosa clones plantations for 5 years. The results of researches are as follows:1. From Apri. to Sept. in the five years old plantations, leaves were collected to study the monthly dynamics of foliar nutrients. Results shows foliar N, P and K concentration were highest in Apri. in spring, N and K concentrations were higher again in June or July in summer; foliar nutrient concentrations differed significantly from the month and clone factor; foliar N, P, and K. concentraions in the control clone 1319 (diploid) were significantly higher than those of the four triploid clones, while foliar Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations in clone 1319 were significantly lower than those of the four triploid clones.2. To study foliar nutrient differences from the factors of seasons and stand ages, leaves were collected in spring, summer and autumn in the 2,3,4, and 5 years old triploid Populus tomentosa plantations. The results suggests that seasonal nutrient concentrations dynamics varied significantly. Foliar N, P and K concentrations turned down with time gone, while foliar Ca, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations increased gradually; Mg concentrations were higher in summer.The order of foliar nutrient elements concentrations were N>Ca>K>Mg>P>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu. As for the nutritional charicteristics of different ages of plantions, foliar N, P and K concentrations were highest in the third or fourth year, while Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn concentrations were highest in the fifth year.3. According to results of the data reduction analysis, foliar Fe, Mn, Ca, P, K, Mg, Zn, N and Cu concentrations were in sequence important for the growth of trees plantations in ’New Series Testing Plantation’(Plot I), while foliar N, Mg, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and P concentrations were important sequencely for the growth of the trees in’Variety Comparative and Regionalization Testing Plantation’(Plot II). Clones were tentatively classified with the results of data reduction.In addition, the results of the regression between the growth and foliar nutrients concentrations indicated foliar K, N, Ca, Mg, Fe and Zn were correlated closely to the growth of trees in the plantations.Soil samples were collected in the same block in Plot I and II every autumn from 2005 to 2009. The results of the regression between soil total and availabe nutrients contents and the growth demonstrated that pH, soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total calcium, total magnesium, total iron, total manganese, total copper and total zinc contents were correlated closely to the growth of triploid Populus tomentosa plantations in the plantations. Nitrogen and calcium fertilizers were reconmended to applied to satisfy the need of the trees growth.4. According to the results of the foliar nutrients diagnosis by four ways of critical value approach, relative growth rate (RGR), standard concentrations and diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS), the ranges of optimum foliar nutrient concentrations of the triploid Populus tomentosa plantations were:N 22.91-27.99 g/kg, P 0.96-1.11 g/kg, K 10.29-12.13 g/kg, Ca 11.83-17.27 g/kg, Mg 3.72-4.93 g/kg, Fe 249.9-300.7 g/kg, Mn 69.8-72.3 g/kg, Cu 20-24 g/kg, Zn 121-134.3 g/kg in Plot I; and N 25.96-40.09 g/kg, P 1.50-1.53 g/kg, K 9.46-11.59 g/kg, Ca 12.3-14.94 g/kg, Mg 3.82-4.64 g/kg, Fe 202.5-208.1 mg/kg, Mn 72.8-103.4 mg/kg, Cu 18.6-21 mg/kg, Zn 112.6-142.9 mg/kg in Plot II. The yield was highest when the foliar concentrations were within the optimum values. The ranges for critical foliar nutrients concentrations were larger than those of the optimum concentrations.The orders for the requirement of fertilizations of triploid Populus tomentosa plantations were Ca>P>Cu>Fe>K>N>Zn>Mg>Mn in Plot I and P>Mg>N>K>Ca>Zn>Fe>Mn>Cu in Plot II.Recommendations for 2,3,4 and 5 years old of triploid Populus tomentosa plantations were calculated respectively by the way of standard concentrations and DRIS, which would be benefit for the nutrient management for triploid Populus tomentosa plantations.更多还原