【作者】 陈超；

【导师】 刘丹；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2010， 博士

【摘要】 本文运用比赛活动距离和比赛心率两项指标研究高水平女子足球运动员的比赛负荷特征,目的在于为训练负荷的安排提供一个参考标准,保障训练的科学化。比赛活动距离以2007女足世界杯小组赛和半决赛共9场比赛为研究对象,比赛心率以中国女足系列热身赛为研究对象。用SIMI°Scout技战术分析系统对世界杯比赛录像从比赛攻防和纯比赛时间等角度进行活动距离的统计,用Polar表对女足运动员多场比赛心率进行统计,运用数理统计、逻辑分析等方法对统计数据进行分析,得出以下主要结论：1、用纯比赛时间的活动特征评价比赛活动距离,结合个人最高心率评价比赛心率,可以更准确地评价足球比赛负荷。2、比赛对阵双方的进攻高强度跑距离、攻入前场30米区域的次数、射门次数和大于90%最大心率时间百分比是影响比赛胜负的重要因素。3、女足运动员比赛活动距离和比赛心率所反映的比赛负荷强度都具有位置差异,前卫和边后卫的比赛负荷强度差异较小,二者明显高于前锋和中后卫。下半场的比赛负荷明显低于上半场,且主要体现在高强度负荷方面。4、最佳阵容前锋、中后卫和边后卫与相应位置其它运动员的主要差别是进攻高强度跑距离,最佳阵容前卫和普通前卫在比赛活动特征方面区别不大。5、女足比赛多数进球的配合形式中射门队员和助攻队员的跑动中都包含了运球和高强度跑,进攻的持续时间较短。6、女足比赛不同的活动形式中,中速跑和低速跑是决定比赛活动总距离的主要跑动形式。比赛中的中强度跑和低强度跑距离与控球率有关,高强度跑距离与控球率无关,控球率不是决定比赛胜负的最主要因素。7、女足比赛以无球跑动为主,运球所占比例很小;同一球队的运球总距离和高强度运球距离在不同的比赛中变化不大；以巴西和德国为代表的超一流强队运球能力明显高于其它球队；前卫队员高强度运球距离和运球总距离明显多于前锋和后卫；比赛中的运球以中、高强度运球为主。8、女足比赛属于大强度负荷；女足运动员在每半场比赛的开始阶段负荷强度相对较低,身体机能未达到最佳状态。9、女足运动员中场休息时的平均心率与上半场比赛的心率指标存在显著相关关系,可以根据中场休息心率推测上半场比赛心率特征,了解运动员上半场比赛的负荷强度,以中场休息平均心率为自变量建立的回归方程和回归数都显著。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, characteristics of elite women football players’ workload of competition are studied with running distance and heart rate. The purpose is to provide a reference standard for the training arrangement and ensure the scientific training. The games about running distance of competition are the semi-final and group games in the 2007 Women’s World Cup. The games about heart rate of competition are the series games of the Chinese women’s football team prepared for the 2007 Women’s World Cup. The running distance of competition is counted with SIMI°Scout system from net game time and offense and defense. The women football players’heart rate is counted with the polar monitor watch. The statistical datum is analyzed with the methods of statistics and logic. The main findings are as follows:1. The running distance of competition is evaluated according to the net game time. The heart rate of competition is evaluated combined with individual maximum heart rate. Then the workload of match can be evaluated accurately.2. The distance of the attack high-intensity running, the times of entering opponent 30m area, the times of shooting and the percentage of more than 90% maximum heart rate are the key factors that affect the outcome of games for the two sides of the competition.3. The women football players’intensity of workload that resulted from running distance and heart rate during march-play varies among playing positions. Midfielders and full-backs have little differences. The both are higher than forwards and central defenders. The workload of the second half is significantly lower than that of the first half, and mainly in the aspect of high intensity.4. The main differences between the best strikers, central defenders, full-backs and other corresponding players are the attack high-intensity running distance. There are little differences between the best midfielders and the ordinary midfielders about characteristics of running distance.5. The activities of the shooting players and the assistant players include dribbling and high-intensity running in the most goals. The duration of attack is little.6. The medium-speed running and low-speed running are the key forms that influence the total running distance. The medium-intensity running and low-intensity running distances in women’s football match have correlation with the rate of possessing ball which has no correlation with the high-intensity running distance. The rate of possessing ball is not the most important factor to win a competition.7. The dribbling distance in women’s football match has little percentage, accounts for 1.2% of the total distance. A team’s high-intensity dribbling distance and total dribbling distance have little change when encounter different opponents. The high-intensity dribbling distance and total dribbling distance of Brazil and Germany are significantly more than other teams. The dribbling distances of midfielders with various speeds are more than that of strikers and guards significantly. The intensity of dribbling is medium and high mainly.8. The workload of women competition is high intensity. The women football players’ heart rate is above 85%HRmax in the 72.4% of the game time, and below 75%HRmax in the 5.2% of the game time. The workload is lower in the beginning of each half. The players are not in their best form.9. The women football players’ heart rate in the half-time has correlation with that in the first half significantly. The intensity of the first half can be speculated according to the heart rate of the half-time. The linear regression equations established according to the heat rate in the half-time and regression coefficients are significant.更多还原