【作者】 潘永兰；

【导师】 黄耀洲； 郭立玮；

【作者基本信息】 南京中医药大学 ， 中药药剂学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 本论文从无机膜的应用过程入手,针对无机陶瓷膜分离技术用于中药行业的膜污染技术关键问题,以116种具有代表性的中药水提液为实验体系,采集无机陶瓷膜分离前后的四种共性高分子物质含量、物理化学参数及相关膜过程特征量参数等数万个检测数据,建立中药水提液膜污染基础数据库,从基础数据库的数据中分析中药水提液四种共性高分子物质、物理化学参数与膜污染的相关性,挖掘影响膜污染的关键因素,为开展膜污染及防治关键技术研究提供依据。具体分为以下五个部分:1.中药水提液无机陶瓷膜分离过程中膜阻力分布及污染度的研究以膜过程阻力分布、膜稳定通量及膜污染度为考察因素,研究膜过程阻力分布与膜污染度、膜稳定通量的相关性。研究发现:表面沉积阻力、膜堵塞阻力与膜污染度呈正相关;膜自身阻力、浓差极化阻力与膜污染度成负相关;膜污染度与膜稳定通量呈高度负相关。膜堵塞阻力和表面沉积阻力是膜分离的主要阻力,表面沉积阻力对膜污染度的影响最大。2.中药水提液膜前后四种共性高分子物质的研究从中药水提液复杂体系的共性高分子物质组成入手,对中药单复方水提液中四种共性高分子物质进行定性定量观察分析,寻找膜前后水提液中共性高分子物质含量的变化规律。研究表明:微滤前原液中淀粉含量、蛋白含量、鞣质含量、固含含量与渗透液、截留液中含量都是显著正相关,但原液中果胶含量与渗透液中含量无相关性、与截留液中果胶含量成正相关。果胶的去除率较高,主要集中在从75～100%,而固含的去除率则比较低,主要集中在从25～50%,淀粉、蛋白、鞣质去除率则范围比较大。3.中药水提液膜前后物理化学参数的研究采用多种物理化学检测手段,考察膜分离前后的PH值、浊度、粘度、电导率等理化参数的变化,寻找膜分离前后水提液物理化学参数的变化规律。研究表明:①中药水提液除清火栀麦片外均呈弱酸性,不同品种中药水提液的PH值表现出一定差异;同一品种中药水提液膜分离前后PH值变化不大。②不同品种的中药水提液浊度值差异较大,中药水提液膜分离后浊度值变小,变化率绝大部分都大于90%;原液浊度与渗透液浊度、浊度的变化率并没有明显的相关性,原液浊度与截留液中浊度成非常高的线形正相关,截留液浊度变大。③经陶瓷膜微滤后,渗透液的粘度减小,截留液粘度增大,各水提液的渗透液的粘度更相近,但截留液粘度则表现出更大差异;无论单位药还是复方水提液,原液粘度与截留液中粘度都是显著高度正相关,与渗透液粘度、变化率呈中度显著正相关。④中药水提液膜分离后其电导率一般略呈下降趋势,同一品种中药水提液膜分离前后电导率值变化不大;微滤前原液电导率与渗透液、截留液电导率都是高度显著相关,相关系数都大于0.9;不同入药部位的单味药材其电导率相差很大。4.中药水提液无机陶瓷膜污染基础数据库的建立以116种具有代表性的中药水提液为实验体系,采集无机陶瓷膜分离前后的物理化学参数、高分子含量及相关膜过程特征量参数等数万个检测数据,用强大的数据库工具Microsoft SQL Server2000建立中药水提液无机陶瓷膜分离技术膜污染基础数据库,并用现在流行的开发工具PowerBuilder9.0编制无机陶瓷膜膜污染基础数据库管理系统,可实现对无机陶瓷膜膜污染基础数据的增加、删除、查询、排序及统计等管理功能。5.膜过程参数-理化参数-共性高分子组成的相关性研究通过关联分析和聚类分析,对中药水提液复杂体系共性高分子化学组成、物理化学参数及膜过程参数的相关性进行研究,寻找中药水提液环境影响污染度的关键因素以及阻力分布与污染过程的相关性。研究表明粘度与膜污染度、表面沉积阻力、膜堵塞阻力具有很大的相关性。粘度越大,膜污染度越大、表面沉积阻力和膜堵塞阻力越大,同时膜稳定通量越低。粘度是影响膜污染度的主要因素。本文对中药水提液无机陶瓷膜分离前后四大共性高分子物质、理化参数与膜过程参数之间相关性进行了初步研究,创新之处在于:(1)初步建立了中药提液无机陶瓷膜膜污染基础数据库。(2)采用关联分析法分析膜分离前后四大共性高分子物质、理化参数变化规律。(3)采用关联和聚类分析技术,挖掘共性高分子物质、理化参数与膜过程参数之间相关性,探索膜分离精制中药的膜污染机理。更多还原

【Abstract】 Beginning with the application process of inorganic membrane,according to the key technical issue for membrane fouling of inorganic ceramic membrane separation technology in Chinese medicine industry,116 typical and representative water extract of Chinese herbs are selected as research objects,through collecting ten thousands of experimental data about four common polymer material,physical-chemical parameters and membrane process parameters pre-and post membrane separation,establishing basic database on membrane fouling of water extract of Chinese herbs,analyzing the correlation between four common polymer material and physical-chemical parameters and membrane fouling through data of database,mining the key factor of membrane fouling,and providing scientific basis for the research of key technologies to control membrane fouling.The paper is divided into the following five sections:1.Study on the distribution of resistance and membrane fouling in the process of membrane separation of water extract of Chinese herbsStudy on relevance between distribution of resistance and degree of membrane fouling and membrane flux.We find:Surface deposited resistance,blockage resistance and degree of membrane fouling are positively correlated,while have a negative correlation between membrane itself resistance,concentration polarization resistance and degree of membrane fouling.Membrane flux is inversely related to degree of membrane fouling.Blockage resistance and surface deposited resistance are the main resistance,surface deposited resistance is the most influential resistance on membrane fouling.2.Study on common polymer material of water extract of Chinese herbs pre-and post membrane separationTo find variation of common polymer material of water extract of Chinese herbs pre-and post membrane separation by qualitative and quantitative analysis.The results show that there are significant positive correlation between original solution and filtrate and retention solution in starch content,protein content,tannin content and solid content.Pectin content of original solution is significantly related with the content of retention solution,while not related with the content of filtrate.The removal rate of pectin is high,mainly concentrated in 75～100%,and the removal rate of solid,is relatively low,mainly concentrated in 25～50%,the removal rate of starch,protein,tannin have wide ranges.3.Study physical-chemical parameters of water extract of Chinese herbs pre-and post membrane separationInvestigated pH,turbidity,viscosity,conductivity of water extract of Chinese herbs pre-and post membrane separation by various detection means for physical and chemical,To look for the variation of physical-chemical parameters.Results are as follows:①pH of water extract of Chinese herbs all show weak acid except for qing huo zhi mai tablet,pH of different water extract of Chinese herbs show some differences,pH changed little pre-and post membrane separation.②There is great difference in turbidity between different water extract of Chinese herbs. The turbidity of filtrate become smaller,change rate of the turbidity is over 90%.The turbidity of original solution is significantly related with the turbidity of retention solution,while no obviously related with the turbidity of filtrate and change rate of turbidity.The turbidity of retention solution is increased.③After micro-filtration by inorganic ceramic membrane,decreasing the viscosity of filtrate, increasing the viscosity of retention solution,the viscosity of filtrate is more similar,but the viscosity of retention solution showed a greater difference.For all water extract of Chinese herbs,the viscosity of original solution is significantly highly positively related with the viscosity of retention solution,significantly moderately related with the viscosity of filtrate and change rate of viscosity.④Conductivity of water extract of Chinese herbs all showed slightly downtrend, conductivity has a little change after membrane separation.There are significant high positive correlation between original solution and filtrate and retention solution in conductivity, correlation coefficients is greater than 0.9,the conductivity of different parts of medicinal herbs vary greatly.4.Establish basic database on membrane fouling of water extract of Chinese herbsWater extract of Chinese herbs,complex system,are selected as research objects,collecting ten thousands of experimental data about common polymer,physical-chemical parameters, membrane process parameters pre-and post membrane separation,with a powerful tool Microsoft SQL2000 database built basic database of membrane fouling of water extract of Chinese herbs by inorganic ceramic membrane separation technology,and develop information management system about membrane fouling by PowerBuilder9.0,it can be realized data to add, delete,enquiries,sort,and statistics,management functions.5.Relevance Research between membrane process parameters and physical-chemical parameters and composition of common polymer.By correlation and cluster analysis,study on the relation of common polymer chemical composition,physical-chemical parameters and membrane process parameters of water extract of the Chinese herbs,to identify the key influencing factor of environmental on membrane fouling,as well as the relevance of resistance distribution and degree of membrane fouling of water extract of Chinese herbs.The results show that viscosity has a positive correlation with surface deposited resistance,blockage resistance and degree of membrane fouling,viscosity is the key influential factor on membrane fouling.In this paper,we preliminary studied the relation of four common polymer material, physical-chemical parameters and membrane process parameters pre-and post membrane separation,the innovation is:(1) establishing basic database on membrane fouling of water extract of Chinese herbs.(2) analyzing variation of four common polymer material,physical -chemical parameters pre-and post membrane separation.(3) using correlation and cluster analysis techniques,mining the correlation between common polymer material, physical-chemical parameters and membrane process parameters,exploring membrane fouling mechanism of refining water extract of Chinese herbs.更多还原