【作者】 王浩；

【导师】 陈宇岳；

【作者基本信息】 苏州大学 ， 纺织工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 棉纤维的改性研究是目前纺织纤维研究的热点课题,但对于棉纤维的蛋白质改性研究涉及较少,本课题立足于这一目标进行了深入的研究。文中采用选择性氧化技术对棉纤维进行改性,将纤维素链单元的两个相邻仲羟基氧化为醛基。利用醛基的活性可使棉纤维具有与蛋白质直接发生交联的能力,在此基础上将丝胶蛋白和羊毛角蛋白对棉纤维进行改性处理,获得了蛋白棉纤维。在整个工艺过程中,不使用任何交联剂,制备的蛋白棉纤维为纯天然材料,且制备工艺简单易行,符合人们对绿色环保的要求。本论文经过不同工艺制备了两种氧化棉,分别是二醛棉纤维/织物(指直接经高碘酸钠氧化所得,简称DCF)和二醛碱化棉纤维/织物(指先经碱预处理再经高碘酸钠氧化所得,简称DBCF),通过结构分析和醛基含量测试证明了棉纤维分子中的葡萄糖基环上有效生成了醛基。研究表明:随着氧化程度的加深,棉纤维的热稳定性和结晶度不断下降,深度氧化后棉纤维结晶晶型从纤维素Ⅰ逐渐向无定形转变。氧化程度的提高使棉纱线的强力不断下降,其醛基生成量不断增加,两者呈显著的负线性相关性。为了提高氧化效果,增加选择性氧化后棉纤维的醛基生成量,本研究选用了碱处理技术对棉纤维进行预活化,再采用高碘酸钠对其进行氧化处理。通过对比研究表明:随着NaOH浓度的增加,棉纤维晶型由纤维素Ⅰ逐渐向纤维素Ⅱ转变,其结晶度不断下降,提高了棉纤维的可及性和反应性。在相同的选择性氧化条件下,DBCF的醛基含量明显高于DCF,两者强力基本相近。本文采用NaOH和H2O2溶解羊毛制备了角蛋白溶液,并将角蛋白应用到棉制品的改性中。文中将丝胶蛋白和自制的羊毛角蛋白分别对二醛棉纤维/织物(DCF)、二醛碱化棉纤维/织物(DBCF)和普通棉纤维/织物进行改性处理。研究发现:经丝胶蛋白和羊毛角蛋白处理的氧化棉纤维/织物增重率均高于经蛋白质处理的普通棉纤维/织物。通过结构分析表明,氧化棉纤维中的醛基可以与蛋白质分子中氨基直接发生化学交联反应,形成共价键结合;而蛋白质分子与普通棉纤维之间没有发现化学键结合。碱预处理可进一步提高氧化棉与蛋白质的共价结合量,使纤维表面更加平滑。结合增重率和力学性能指标,丝胶蛋白溶液涂覆处理氧化棉织物的合适工艺为:浓度3-5wt%,pH值为6左右,温度50℃,时间1.5h;羊毛角蛋白溶液涂覆处理氧化棉织物的合适工艺为:浓度为4-5wt%、溶液pH值为6左右、温度50℃、时间2h。经丝胶蛋白和角蛋白处理的氧化棉织物手感光滑而丰满;与原棉织物相比,其抗皱性能、吸水性能及抗紫外线性能均得到有效提高,其中经蛋白质溶液处理的DBCF各种性能更佳。更多还原

【Abstract】 Study on modification of cotton fiber is a hotspot problem on the field of textile fibers research at present, however protein modification of cotton fiber is seldom studied. Based on this idea, the topic of protein modification is deeply discussed. In this paper, selective oxidation technique used for cotton fiber makes its two vicinal hydroxyl groups in cellulose chain unit oxidized to aldehyde groups. By using the activity of aldehyde groups, the oxidized cotton fiber has the ability to crosslink directly with the biological protein. On this basis, protein cotton fibers are prepared by sericin and wool keratin treating cotton fiber. On the whole technical process, there is no chemical crosslinking reagent. Protein cotton fiber is pure natural material and the preparation technology is practical and reasonable, which can meet people’s needs of about greenness and environment protection.Two kinds of oxidized cotton are prepared by different process, which are dialdehyde cotton fiber/fabric (cotton directly treated with sodium periodate, and is named DCF) and dialdehyde basifying cotton fiber/fabric (cotton treated with alkali pretreatment and then treated with sodium periodate, and is named DBCF). It confirms that the aldehyde groups in glucose units of cotton fiber are created by structural analysis and determinations of aldehyde group. The results show that with increasing oxidation degree, the thermal stability and the crystallinity of cotton fiber decrease gradually, and the crystallinity of cotton fiber oxidized severely changes from celluloseⅠt o amorphism. Raising the degree of oxidation decreases the strength of cotton yarn while enhances the aldehyde groups content of cotton fiber, and negative linear correlation is found between them.In order to improve oxidation effectiveness and enhance the aldehyde production quantity of the oxidized cotton fiber, it is adopted that the alkali treatment technique in pre-activating for cotton fiber before selective oxidation treatment. According to comparison, the results show that cellulose crystalline structure are transformed from celluloseⅠt oⅡgradually and its crystallinity decreases constantly after alkali pretreatment with increasing concentration, which can improve the reactivity of cotton fiber with sodium periodate. Under the same oxidation condition, the aldehyde groups content of DBCF is superior obviously to that of DCF, and their strength is close.In this paper, keratin solution is prepared by using NaOH and H2O2 to dissolve the wool, and the product is applied to the modification of cottons. Dialdehyde cotton fiber/fabric, dialdehyde basifying cotton fiber/fabric and cotton fiber/fabric are modified with sericin and self-made keratin. The results show that the weight gain of coated oxidized cotton is bigger than that of native cotton. Through analysis of the structure, it is suggested that the aldehyde groups of cotton fiber can directly crosslink with amide in molecule of protein, however no covalent bonds are found between protein and native cotton. Alkali pretreatment can improve further the grafting quantity of protein onto oxidized cotton, which can make the surface of fiber smoother. Comprehensive consideration to the weight gain and mechanical properties, treatment process for sericin coating cotton: concentration of sericin solution 3-5wt%, pH value about 6, temperature at 50℃and time at 1.5h; treatment process for keratin coating cotton: concentration of keratin solution 4-5wt%, pH value about 6, temperature at 50℃and time at 2h. Cotton fabric coated with sericin or keratin has smooth hand feel and liberality. Compared with native cotton fabric, wrinkle resistance, water absorbency and anti-ultraviolet property of protein cotton fabric are promoted efficiently. Among them, DBCF coated protein has better performance.更多还原