【作者】 黄华山；

【导师】 祁佩时；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 环境科学与工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 抗生素废水和印染废水是我国工业废水的主要污染来源,废水属于浓度高、成分复杂、含生物毒性的难降解工业废水,这两类废水也是目前我国工业废水治理研究的重点与难点。对于工业废水的处理目前普遍采用水解酸化-好氧组合工艺,组合工艺的型式与处理效能仍是工业废水处理研究与应用的热点。课题组在近十多年来对水解酸化-好氧组合工艺处理难降解工业废水进行了系统、深入的试验与研究,先后研究开发了复合法水解酸化反应器、复合好氧生物反应器、微氧水解酸化反应器等针对高浓度难降解废水处理的新型处理技术,这些技术的试验研究与应用强化了水解酸化-好氧处理工艺的处理效能、拓宽了水解酸化-好氧工艺的应用范围。本研究在近年来试验研究基础上,形成了微氧水解酸化-复合好氧生物处理技术,本论文根据小试、中试的研究成果,将其应用在大规模难降解工业废水处理工程中,并进行了生产型试验研究。探讨了微氧水解酸化-复合好氧生物处理系统对抗生素废水和印染废水的处理效果与性能、该工艺对难降解废水高效处理的进程与机理;研究了复合生物处理系统的启动、长期运行性能、并与其他工艺的运行结果进行了对比、分析了污泥膨胀等问题的控制技术与机理。本论文还对微氧水解酸化-复合好氧生物处理系统处理印染废水后的深度处理工艺进行了研究。由于论文的研究是以实际大型工业废水处理工程为基础,其结果无论对水解酸化-好氧组合工艺的推广应用,还是对难降解工业废水的处理实践均为重大的指导意义。论文研究表明,微氧水解酸化工艺对高浓度废水可以有效进行预处理,大大提高废水的可生化处理性。微氧水解酸化工艺不以削减有机物数量为目标,论文中提出了以废水的酸化率、BOD5/COD,溶解性COD(SCOD)的变化等方法来评价水解酸化工艺在难降解废水处理中的水解酸化作用,在实际工程运行中对工艺的处理性能评价准确、具有很强的操作性。微氧水解酸化工艺无论对高浓度抗生素废水还是对难降解印染废水处理均发挥了很好的预处理作用,有利于后续复合好氧生物工艺的处理运行。复合好氧生物处理技术是新型的高效好氧处理技术。在对抗生素废水的处理中体现了高效、稳定的特点,长期的实际运行证明其处理性能优于传统的活性污泥工艺,微氧水解酸化-复合好氧生物处理系统对抗生素废水有机污染物去除率达到89.1%。在与间歇流CASS工艺的实际平行运行中,复合好氧生物工艺体现了全面的优越性,对于高浓度难降解废水的处理采用复合好氧生物技术更为合理。同时,复合好氧生物技术应用于难降解印染废水的处理也达到良好的处理效果。论文提出复合好氧生物工艺处理难降解废水动力学模型。工业废水中普通含有较高浓度的SO42-离子,废水在好氧处理时经常发生高硫化物型污泥膨胀。以高硫化物型污泥膨胀在实际工程的表现特征为基础,论文对其产生的原因进行了全新的解释,并根据其产生的原因提出了“DO-pH”法控制高硫化物型污泥膨胀,控制方法简单、有效,适合于废水好氧处理中硫化物型污泥膨胀的控制。在微氧水解酸化-复合生物好氧处理系统良好处理效果的基础上,论文最后对印染废水的深度处理回用进行研究。提出了两级混凝-澄清-过滤-软化的印染深度处理工艺,并在处理过程中提出了以水质为核心、清污混合处理、分质处理回用的废水回用处理概念。试验与运行结果表明,印染废水深度处理投资与运行费用较为经济,回用率达66.7%,工程投资可在一年半内收回。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-concentrated and difficultly biodegradable with complicated components and bio-toxicity, antibiotic wastewater and dyeing wastewater are the main pollution sources of industrial wastewater in China. These two kinds of wastewater are focus and major problems in China’s current study of industrial wastewater control. Hydrolysis acidification and aerobic processes are dominating in industrial wastewater treatment, the form and function efficiency of the processes are still hotspots of industrial wastewater treatment technology study and application.In recent decade, our research team has studied systematically and profoundly on hydrolysis acidification and aerobic technology of difficultly biodegradable industrial wastewater treatment, and has developed some news high-concentrated and difficultly biodegradable wastewater treatment technology such as hybrid hydrolysis acidification reactor, hybrid aerobic bio-reactor and micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor. These examinations and news technology application strengthen the efficiency of hydrolysis acidification and aerobic processes, and extend the application of the processes.On the base of these examination and study in recent years, a new treatment process of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification—hybrid aerobic technology was established. Based on the research achievements of small-scale and middle-scale experiments, this paper applied the technology to large-scale difficultly biodegradable industrial wastewater treatment, and studied did the productive research. The effect and efficiency of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification—hybrid aerobic system treatment antibiotic wastewater and dyeing wastewater, and the process and mechanism of the system high-efficiency treatment difficultly biodegradable wastewater were studied. In the paper , start-up of bio-treatment system, efficiency of long-time system circulate, a contrast to other processes, and control and mechanism of sludge bulking were all studied.In the end of the paper, advanced treating of dyeing wastewater effluent of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification—hybrid aerobic system were studied. With the study based on large-scale industrial wastewater treatment projects, the results of the research have important indicative function in promoting application of hydrolysis acidification and aerobic processes, as well as the difficultly biodegradable industrial wastewater treatment.The research shows that the pretreatment of high concentration wastewater by micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor is effective, thus greatly improving the biodegradability of wastewater. As the reduce of organics is not the target of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor, aciditication degree, BOD5/COD and variation of SCOD were adopted to estimate the hydrolysis acidification function of difficultly biodegradable wastewater treatment by micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor, which is exact and exercisable in estimating the efficiency of the reactor application in practicality projects. For both high-concentrated antibiotic wastewater treating and difficultly biodegradable dyeing wastewater treating, micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification reactor exhibited an excellent pretreatment function, and it’s helpful for subsequent aerobic treatment.Hybrid aerobic bio-reactor process is a new and efficient aerobic treating process. The process exhibited characteristics of being efficient and stable in antibiotic wastewater treatment. The long-time circulation proved that the hybrid aerobic bio-reactor process is more efficient than the traditional activated sludge processes; and that the removal effect of wastewater organics of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification—hybrid aerobic bio-reactor process could reach to 89.1%. In a contrast of parallel running to batch-flow CASS technology, hybrid aerobic bio-reactor showed its all-around advantages, which is more suitable for high-concentrated and difficultly biodegradable wastewater treatment. Meanwhile, used hybrid aerobic bio-reactor has a good treating effect on difficultly biodegradable dyeing wastewater treatment. In the paper, dynamic model of hybrid aerobic bio-reactor for difficultly biodegradable wastewater treatment was proposed.There generally exists high concentration SO42- in industrial wastewater. High-sulfide sludge bulking usually takes place in aerobic wastewater treatment. Based on the characteristics of high-sulfide sludge bulking occurring in practicality project, a new theory of the mechanism of high-sulfide sludge bulking was gained. According the causes of high-sulfide sludge bulking, a method of“DO-pH”was brought to control high-sulfide sludge bulking. The results demonstrated that the method is simple and effective, suitable for high-sulfide sludge bulking in aerobic wastewater treatment.Advanced treatment and recycling application of dyeing wastewater was studied based on good treating effect of micro-aerobic hydrolysis acidification—hybrid aerobic system treatment for dyeing wastewater. An advanced treatment process of“two-stage coagulation—clarification—filtration—softening”was put forward. In the treating process, a new advanced treatment concept of core of water quality, clear-waster combined treatment and divided recycling was also put forward. The results of test and running shows that the investment and running of dyeing wastewater advanced treatment system is economic, with the reusing rate of advanced-treated wastewater up to 66.7%, and the project investment can be recovered within one and a half years.更多还原