【作者】 梁凯；

【导师】 王大伟； 奚长生；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 矿产普查与勘探， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 海泡石是一种含水的硅酸盐粘土矿物,具有巨大的比表面积和独特的孔结构以及良好的吸附性、流变性、催化性等。但是天然海泡石呈表面酸性弱、通道小没有完全打开、比表面积仍然没有达到理论上的要求,因而限制了海泡石的应用。通过对其进行活化处理,可作为吸附剂、净化剂、离子交换剂等广泛应用于废水处理、化肥、饲料、建材和卷烟过滤等方面。本论文致力于把分析技术与相关的环境科学、矿物学的研究方法引入到海泡石的应用研究中,以环境科学、矿物学的理论为指导,对海泡石的矿物特性、活化的处理方法以及在环境污染治理中的应用开展了系统性的研究工作,并取得了如下的创新性成果和认识:1、通过对热液型海泡石和沉积型海泡石的化学成分分析,表明这两种类型的海泡石化学成分有很大不同。热液型海泡石样品中SiO₂和MgO的含量均高于沉积型海泡石,而Al₂O₃含量大大低于沉积型海泡石样品,Fe₂O₃也较沉积型海泡石低。2、湘潭海泡石为沉积型颗粒状,同其他产地的沉积型海泡石相比,Al₂O₃含量高出3-5倍,矿物颗粒粒度呈现正态分布的特点,大部分颗粒粒度分布在4μm左右。通过电镜研究发现在1万倍电镜下放大到10万倍仍为颗粒状。对海泡石原矿和活化海泡石的热分析比较研究表明耐热性能较好,海泡石脱结构水发生结构破坏的温度在784℃左右。海泡石热失重具明显的阶段性,低温条件下失去吸附水、沸石水。随着温度的升高,逐步失去结晶水,最后在784℃左右脱去结构水。3、采用现代分析测试技术,利用X射线衍射和红外光谱分别研究了海泡石的矿物学特征。粉晶数据拟合分析及晶胞参数计算结果表明,海泡石属于单斜晶系,晶胞参数a₀值与矿物的晶体化学成分有密切的负相关关系。两种类型海泡石的红外光谱图存在着明显差别,热液型海泡石谱带数目多,分裂清晰,且各吸收带尖而锐,而沉积型海泡石谱带相对较弱,某些谱带发生复合,绝大多数吸收带强度均不及热液型海泡石,某些吸收带有加宽趋势。4、通过对海泡石的吸附性研究表明:海泡石的内部孔包括两大部分,第一部分为晶体内部的孔道,其大小为3.7×6.4×10^-20m²,多数为沸石水充填,并且其边缘部分还占据与Mg²⁺结合的四个配位结晶水;第二部分是海泡石针、棒状晶体（粒子）构成聚集体中的空隙孔,孔尺寸范围分布较广。5、通过海泡石焙烧温度对海泡石活化的影响研究表明,焙烧温度对海泡石吸附性的影响研究表明,随着温度升高其吸附性能也提高,温度在250℃以后,焙烧温度提高其吸附性能反而下降。从整体考虑焙烧温度在220-250℃时,时间为3小时应比较合理。6、通过活化海泡石对重金属离子的吸附实验,实验结果表明,PH值大于6.0是海泡石对镉离子吸附的最佳酸度。海泡石对Ni²⁺的最大吸附容量约为43mg/g、对Pb²⁺的最大吸附容量约为109mg/g、对Cu²⁺的最大吸附容量约为34mg/g、对Zn²⁺的最大吸附容量约为16.7mg/g。7、通过研究酸活化海泡石对回收锌渣酸浸液中的镓,发现当pH值为2.0-3.0之间时,既有利于镓的提取,又有利于镓与其他离子的分离,因此,用酸活化海泡石回收锌渣酸浸液中的镓时,溶液的pH值应该控制在2.0-3.0之间。8、将亚微米活化海泡石复合添加剂添加到烟丝中,起固化、干燥、吸潮、吸附作用,能吸附香烟中有害成分,同时成为各种香烟香料的载体。9、通过对湘潭石塘海泡石矿的深加工研究,研发了较为成熟的工艺流程、并确定了主要的技术参数和产品技术指标。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sepiolite is a containing water silicate clay mineral with excellent absorbability,rhrological behavior and catalytic activity etc owing to its high surface area and unique porous structure.But natural Sepiolite surface acidity is weak,passageway is narrow and do not open completely,than surface area do not still reach theoretically requirement, thus have restricted the application of Sepiolite.Through carrying out alive for it,alter a series of handlings such as alters nature,can wait for extensive application as adsorbent.In which Sepiolite in the environmental application that administers aspect in current stage is hot point and the focal point of research.Especially in various useless waters administer aspect,domestic a lot of research organizations have carried out plenty of research,and get certain research accomplishment.This paper work for the research technique that analyses technical and related environmental science and mineralogy the application that enters especial research among,is taking theory of environmental science and mineralogy as guidance,soak the mineral property of especial, cremation the processing technique that alters nature as well as in environmental pollution administer in the research work that application has developed systematic,and have gotten following innovation accomplishment and knowledge:1、Through the chemical composition analysis for Sepiolite of the hot liquid type and sediment type,the chemical composition of Sepiolite that shows this two types has great difference.In hot liquid type Sepiolite sample,the content of SiO₂ and MgO is higher than sediment type Sepiolite,and Al₂O₃ content is lower than sediment type sea bubble stone sample greatly,Fe₂O₃ also lower than sediment type.2、With modern analysis technology of the X-ray diffraction and infrared spectrum,the mineralogy feature of Sepiolite have been studied respectively.The data analysis and parameter calculation result show, Sepiolite belong to sheet oblique crystal series,the crystal chemical composition and a₀ value have the close negative beating.The infrared spectrum picture of Sepiolite has obvious difference,it is distinct that hot liquid type tape number split,and each absorption tape sharp and sharp and sediment type tape occurs compound,most absorption tape relatively than weak,some tapes is some absorptions have to widen tendency.3、Through the adsorption research for Sepiolite,show that it is most of that the internal hole of Sepiolite include two,the first is divide into the built-in duct of crystal,its size is 3.7×6.4×10^-20 m²,it is most to serve as for Zeolite water to fill,and its edge part is still occupied with Mg²⁺ combination 4 match position crystallization water;Second part is Sepiolite needle and strong form crystal（particle） form the gap hole in aggregation,hole size scope distribution is more broad.4、The temperature the influence for Sepiolite adsorption research show that,as temperature goes up,its adsorption performance also rises, temperature in 250℃after,roast temperature raising its adsorption performance drop on the contrary.From overall consideration roast temperature in 220-250℃,time should be more reasonable for 3 hours.5、Electrical micrometer research shows that Sepiolite is absolutely most of to be by fiber form body crystal composition,it is inattentive to alter the Sepiolite structure after alive,porosity increases.Explain that alive can decompose and smash the fiber bundle of Specifit,make it make into thin and short.6、PH is between 2.0 and 3.0,is helpful Ga draw,is also helpful Ga with other ions split,therefore Sepiolite of alter nature recovery Ga in which acid zinc dregs sour immersion liquid,the PH should be controlled in 2.0-3.0.7、The inferior micron alive Sepiolite compound additive were have been added into tobacco,and can rise to solidify and dryed and inhale tide, and the harmful composition in cigarette can be absorbed,at the same time,become the carrier of various cigarette condiments.8、Passing the deeply processing research of XiangTan-Shitang Sepiolite,have researched the relatively mature processing,and have determined major technical parameter and product technical index.更多还原