【作者】 孙毅；

【导师】 俞东明；

【作者基本信息】 上海外国语大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2009， 博士

【副题名】一项基于“CCTV”杯英语演讲比赛演讲辞的研究

【摘要】 认知语义学者莱考夫与约翰逊在其著作《我们赖以生存的隐喻》中首次构建起概念隐喻理论的框架,这标志着隐喻研究摆脱了以文学和修辞学为本的传统隐喻理论的束缚,进入到崭新的认知科学领域。学界已普遍意识到隐喻不仅是语言的表达手段,更是一种独具魅力、以一事物描写另一相关事物的思维方式。人类的认知总是遵循由近而远、由浅而深、由具体到抽象、由已知到未知的发展规律,而认知的深化和发展在相当大程度上是依赖于隐喻机制的。认知语言学者往往过于强调由特定语境中抽象出来的人所共有的普遍认知操作,将神经生物学原理生硬地套用在隐喻的生成和阐释的过程中,认为所有隐喻概念均是体验性基础隐喻的必然蕴涵,而忽略了诸多社会文化变体及其对概念孵化过程的影响,这犯了简化主义的错误。与此同时,批评话语分析也应契合诸多认知元素而得到更大的扩充。隐喻表达式是作为语篇基础的认知结构与穿插其间的意识形态之间的媒介,隐喻对部分语义凸显而对其余语义遮蔽的功能使对具有意识形态特性的语言选择研究有据可依。本研究证明两大理论路径究其实质具有相通共融之处,应联合起来形成一股强大的探索洪流,发挥更大的阐释效应。在方法论方面,本研究提出,在甄别隐喻图谱分布的过程中应将定量方法和定性方法、语料库语言学与“学术直觉”有机结合起来,共同保证将所有符合标准的隐喻用法统统纳入考察范围,为进一步分析隐喻的社会文化特性铺平道路。在花样繁多的修辞手段当中,隐喻机制是一种极具代表性、十分高效的劝谏性策略,可以完美地将人们在日常生活中对普通体验的理解与能够激发强烈内心情感的文化价值结合起来。本研究指出,隐喻机制通过指称司空见惯的个人体验和社会活动来与广大听众构建起尽量多的共同点,是演讲者传播核心信念、价值观念和哲学理念等劝谏性要素的母体和不竭源泉。本研究以相当规模的、隐喻表述俯拾皆是的“CCTV”杯全国大学生英语演讲辞为语料,将批评话语分析与概念隐喻理论紧密联系起来,尝试性地辨认、分析和诠释公众演讲语篇中具有特定意识形态的隐喻机制的重大劝谏性功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 The establishment of conceptual metaphor theory symbolizes the emancipation from the bondage of traditional literature-and-rhetoric based metaphoric theories and the entry of evolutionary cognitive sciences. Metaphor has been acknowledged to be not only a figure of speech in the language, but also a unique approach to experience and comprehend one thing in terms of another. Human cognition always follows the developmental pattern from the near to the far, from the shallow to the deep, from the concrete to the abstract, from the known to the unknown, and the accumulation and advancement of cognition depends predominantly on the metaphor mechanism.Deeming that all metaphoric concepts are merely the inevitable entailments of primary experiential metaphors and largely ignoring those sociocultural parameters and their influence on conceptual incubation, cognitive linguistics tends to overemphasize universal cognitive operations shared by all human beings abstracted from certain contexts and impose neurobiological principles inflexibly onto the processes of metaphor production and interpretation, thus having made the blunder of reductionism. Concurrently, Critical Discourse Analysis can also be considerably enriched by taking cognitive parameters into account. Metaphoric expressions, as the medium to connect cognitive structures of discoursal fundamentals and unrevealed embedded ideologies, foregrounding some semantic features while backgrounding others, render the study of language choices with ideological characteristics more reliable. It is proven that the two strands are inherently complementary and should be combined to form a more influential probing torrent so as to achieve more explanatory power.It is posited that, in the process of identifying the distribution of conceptual metaphors, qualitative and quantitative methodologies, corpus linguistics and‘scholarly intuition’should be tentatively combined so that all pertinent metaphorical usages can be included in the sphere of discussion, thus paving the way for further analysis of the sociocultural characteristics of metaphor.Among various figures of speech, metaphor is a fairly representative and effective persuasive strategy which can perfectly merge the understanding of human beings’common experiences in everyday life with sociocultural values that may invoke imbued strong emotions. It is asserted that, by means of resorting to common human experiences and social activities and establishing as much common ground as possible with the audience, metaphoric mechanism is the very bedrock and inexhaustible source for the speakers to transmit persuasive factors such as central beliefs, inner creeds and philosophical notions.On the basis of a collection of comparatively large corpora of“CCTV”Cup English Speaking Contest in which metaphors are prevalent and prominent, the dissertation assimilates Critical Discourse Analysis with cognitive linguistics, especially conceptual metaphor theory in an attempt to tentatively identify, analyze and interpret metaphor’s vital persuasive function in public speech discourses with certain ideologies.更多还原