【作者】 王玉杰；

【导师】 梁开水；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 采矿工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 静态破裂技术亦称静态破石技术、无声破碎技术、静态爆破技术等。其作为控制爆破的一个重要补充,在石材开采、混凝土破碎、岩石开挖和高边坡修整等工程领域得到广泛应用。静态破裂过程中因无震动、无飞石、无噪声、无粉尘和毒气,以及对保留部分无损伤,而倍受施工单位赞誉。尤其是在我国的三峡水利工程建设中大面积使用,取得了良好的经济和社会效益。武汉理工大学是我国从事该技术研究开发最早、成果最多、推广应用最早和最广的研究单位,多项成果被鉴定为具有国际领先水平。论文通过总结已有的静态破裂技术成果,归纳各阶段的研究进程和理论成就,理清了静态破裂技术研究的系统理论体系,揭示了研究基础的理论节点。经过大量的实验室试验、新型精密仪器检测观察,运用化学动力学及数学计算,深化和提炼出新的静态破裂膨胀机理系统理论体系,并寻求开发了静态破裂技术的新领域。用X射线衍射(X-ray Diffraction,简称XRD)物相定量分析方法,研究不同静态破裂剂水化过程中物相随时间的变化以及晶格的转变过程,得到了不同加水条件下静态破裂剂水化过程中不同时刻的XRD图谱,建立了相应的静态破裂剂水化反应动力学方程及参数。在理论上描述了静态破裂剂水化过程中体积增长率与水化反应速率成正比、与体系孔隙率成反比的关系式。运用化学动力学理论和岩石力学理论,建立了膨胀力的动力学方程,该模型计算结果与测力环方法实测结果吻合较好。将“热点”起爆理论引入静态破裂剂膨胀机理研究,率先提出了温度控制理论,对静态破裂剂配方改进和膨胀破裂机理研究具有一定的理论价值;并据此理论研制出新型“水工静态破裂剂”,已获湖北省科技进步二等奖和1项国家发明专利。研制出全新的静态破裂剂膨胀压力测试方法,取代了常规的“无缝钢管压力测试方法”,消除了压力测试受到环境、人员、应变片等多种因素的影响而发生的计算不准确、误差较大的缺陷。使得静态破裂剂膨胀性能测试和产品质量检测更简捷和准确,该测试方法已获国家发明专利。根据静态破裂剂机理的理论研究成果,以及对地震勘探震源炮孔封堵作用的理论分析,新研制出了“地震勘探封孔剂”,该地震勘探封孔剂能提高地震勘探炸药的爆炸功,增加爆炸能传递给岩石的比冲量,对提高地震波的精度和加大探测深度具有难以预估前景。并在减弱上向波能和对地表的破坏、避免冲孔、消除飞石危害、及增强安防能力方面有独到的优越性。已申请了2项国家发明专利和已授权1项实用新型专利。更多还原

【Abstract】 Non-explosive demolition technology was also called as static rock-broken technology or static blast technology, which supplies the controlled blasting technology greatly. It was widely used in stone exploiting, concrete fracturing, rock digging and high slope trimming and so on. Without vibration, flying-rock, noise, dust, noxious gas, or damages to protective portion in process of non-explosive demolition, it was popular in construction organization. Especially, non-explosive demolition agent was widely used in Three Gorges Engineering Project, and obtained well economic and social benefits. Wuhan University of Technology studied the non-explosive demolition technology firstly, and made great progress in product development and application research, and many achievements reached the international advanced level.The existed results of non-explosive demolition technology were summarized in this pape, including the research process and theoretical results, discovering the theory system of non-explosive demolition technology. Based on experimental test and detection, combined with chemical kinetics and mathematical analysis, the new theory system of non-explosive demolition technology mechanism was explored in detail, further to develop the application in new field.The X-ray diffraction phase quantitative analysis methods (XRD) was used to detect the phase changes and the crystal lattice transition process in different hydration condition of non-explosive demolition agent. Based on the XRD atlas of hydration course with different water component, the related hydration reaction kinetics equation and parameter of non-explosive demolition agent were set up. The volume growth rate in proportion with hydration reaction rate and in contrast to void ratio in hydration course was described. The kinetics equation of expansibility was founded based on chemical kinetics and rock mechanics, which accords with the test results by proving ring method well.The "hot spot" initiation theory was introduced into the expansion mechanism research of non- explosive demolition agent, and the temperature controlling theory was put forward firstly, all which help to improve formulation and explore mechanism of non-explosive demolition agent. The new hydraulic non-explosive demolition agent was developed based this theory, which has awarded the Second Prize for Progress in Science and Technology of Hubei province and a State Patented Invention.The expansion pressure measure method of non-explosive demolition agent was put forward, instead of common seamless steel pipe pressure measure method, which avoided the errors from surroundings, workers and strain gauge and others factors during pressure measurement. It makes performance test and products quality examination more simple and accurate and has been awarded the State Patented Invention.Based on theoretical research results of non-explosive demolition agent and theoretical analysis on borehole block effect on seismic source exploration, the seismic exploration sealant was developed firstly, which improved the explosion work of seismic exploration explosive and enlarge the specific impulse on rock, and has prospect in enhance the precise of seismic and prospect depth. It also has special advantages of decreasing energy of wave upward and surface damage, avoiding punching, eliminating flying-rock risk and enhancing security. It has been awarded two State Patented Inventions and been authorized to a Patent of Utility Model.更多还原