【作者】 徐辉；

【导师】 王刚；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 生态学， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着流域管理实践经验的丰富,流域管理越来越侧重于生态系统的管理。流域生态系统管理是基于流域综合管理模式,应用生态系统方法,通过具体的行动、过程和实践,促进和实现流域的可持续发展。但由于它作为一个新理念和复杂的过程尚待完善,而且涉及多学科、多部门,实施起来难度还是很大的。如何保障其顺利实现是各国共同面临的一个重大课题。对流域生态系统管理的理论和应用展开研究,探讨支撑流域生态系统管理的保障体系,对中国实施流域生态系统管理同样具有重要的现实意义。本文从流域生态系统管理的研究进展入手,总结了国际上流域管理的经验及其对中国的启示,分析了中国实施流域生态系统管理面临的机遇和挑战,指出,中国实施流域生态系统管理的关键是流域生态系统管理保障体系的建立和完善。在此基础上,阐述了在中国目前的社会经济发展水平上流域生态系统管理保障体系包括的理念、体制、机构和法制保障等主要内容,并尝试建构了流域生态系统管理保障体系的评价指标以对其进行科学的调整和改进。本文以黄河流域甘肃段水污染防治的法制保障能力为例作了实证研究,通过对国家和地方层面与黄河流域甘肃段水污染防治相关的法律、地方法规和重要的规范性文件进行定量与定性相结合的综合分析指出,中国在流域立法领域初步形成了较为系统的、旨在促进、实现和保障其流域可持续发展的国家立法,其对流域生态系统管理的先进理念有所体现,但还存在差距,必须通过适时和合理的修改才能够支持该国流域的可持续发展,也才能为流域的地方立法提供重要的支持和保障。甘肃省的地方立法能够在一定程度上为黄河流域甘肃段水污染防治提供法制保障,但比照流域生态系统管理的内容,其立法理念还有待更新,法律规定尚需进一步修改和完善,特别是细化国家立法以增强其可实施性。目前比较可行的办法是分段立法或就某一种或几种影响严重的污染物进行针对性立法或成熟几条先立几条以解决紧迫的问题,待时机成熟后,有必要制定《黄河流域甘肃段水污染防治办法》以为黄河流域甘肃段水污染防治提供更有力的保障。由于机构的重要性,本文还试以机构为主线,探索流域生态系统管理模式。文章最后作了立法尝试,拟写了《黄河干流甘肃段水污染防治办法》(草案建议稿),以期推进黄河流域甘肃段水污染防治的立法进程。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the enrichment of practical experience on watershed management, watershed management tends to emphasis on ecosystem management. Watershed ecosystem management, based on watershed integrated management, using ecosystem approach, by specific actions, processes and practices, aims to promote realizing the sustainable development of watershed. But watershed ecosystem management, as a new idea and complex process to be improved and involving many subjects and departments, to implement is very difficult, which is a common problem all countries face. To study the theory and application of watershed ecosystem management, discussing the ensuring system of it is same very important for realizing the watershed ecosystem management in China. The paper analyzed the chances and challenges for China on watershed ecosystem management and pointed out that to build and perfect the ensuring system of watershed ecosystem management is key. The ensuring system in China today should include idea, system, institution and legal system, etc. As the ensuring system is dynamic, the paper tried to form the evaluation index of it to make a scientific improvement. The paper made a case study to evaluate the capacity of legal system of combating water pollution of Yellow River in Gansu. By making a quantitative and qualitative analyzing our active national and local laws, regulations and legal documents on watershed, it pointed out that we have formed a systemic national laws elementarily, which aim to promote, realize and ensure the sustainable development of watershed in China. However, we should amend laws in time, making it more reasonable and supporting local legislations. The local legislations of Gansu can ensure the combating water pollution of Yellow River in Gansu to some extent. But by contrasting the content of watershed ecosystem management, the idea of legislation should be updated and content should be improved especially specify the national laws to strengthen the implement. Now the actual way is to legislate with pertinence to solve pressing problems, e.g. a subsection of Yellow River or a kind of serious pollution. When opportunity is mature, it’s necessary to enact the local legislation to combat water pollution of Yellow River in Gansu to give more powerful ensuring. For the importance of institution, the paper tried to make institution as a line and explored the realization of watershed ecosystem management in China.更多还原