中国西部地区产业生态化的发展路径研究

【作者】 张雪梅；

【导师】 郭志仪；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 区域经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 自20世纪60年代以来，在全球经济增长和工业化的同时，出现了日益严重的、全球性的环境污染和生态恶化等问题，产业活动与全球环境之间矛盾突出。人们开始反思和检讨传统的价值观和发展观，意识到传统经济发展模式只会加剧对资源的掠夺式的开发和对环境的严重破坏，应该从经济、社会、人口、科技、资源与环境等更广泛的高度去寻求新型发展模式，实现经济、社会、环境相协调的可持续发展。可持续发展不能沿袭传统的“高投入、高消耗、高污染”模式，而必须向“低投入、低消耗、低污染”模式转变。环境经济学家们提出了与环境和谐的循环经济发展模式，它要求以环境友好的方式来利用自然资源和环境容量，实现经济活动的生态化转型，而产业生态化正是循环经济在产业层面上的体现和产业发展的高级阶段。论文在追溯产业生态化经济思想渊源和回顾产业生态学理论发展历程的基础上，阐释了产业生态化的基本内涵及产业生态系统的原则与特性。以此为研究起点，并以我国西部地区为研究对象，探寻西部区域产业生态化的发展路径。西部地区生态系统脆弱，自然系统对污染物的分解能力比东部低，环境污染的影响又往往容易扩大到其他区域。所以，西部地区对整个中国生态环境建设和可持续发展战略的实施至关重要。论文通过现状分析，发现西部地区产业发展中存在着资源优势弱化、资源环境绩效水平低、区域生态环境恶化等资源环境问题。同时，基于环境库兹涅茨曲线的分析表明“先污染，后治理”的轨迹在西部地区不可行，如果仍旧按照现有的“三高”发展模式，短期内很难出现环境质量改善的拐点，其环境质量将加速恶化。此外，利用因子分析和主成分分析得出西部地区物质代谢的生态效率，其波动较大，整体呈下降态势。可见，产业生态化是西部地区转变经济增长方式的必然选择。论文根据西部地区产业发展和资源环境特征，认为产业生态化路径首先要从企业、产业共生网络和区域循环经济三个层面推进西部产业生态系统的构建；第二，从西部产业结构调整和产业空间组织形式角度，探析西部产业结构优化与产业生态化、产业集群与产业生态化的良性互动；第三，在产业生态系统构建、产业生态化与产业结构优化和产业集群良性互动过程中，充分发挥环保产业的带动作用。最后，论文在三个层面推进、两个互动和一个带动的路径分析基础上，针对发展过程中可能存在的体制、经济、技术、法规等多种影响因素，从制度保障、经济措施和技术支撑等方面提出构建西部地区产业生态化保障体系的对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1960,the global environment pollution and ecology destruction has beenmore and more serious following the industrialization and growth of the worldeconomy. The conflict between the industry undertaking and the world environmenthas been more severely than before. Many people began to think and analyze thetraditional value and developing method that lead to the detrimental resourceexploration and the environment destruction. People should look for the newdevelopment mode based on the broaden horizons of economy,society,science,resource and environment that carry out the harmony among the development ofeconomy,society and environment. The sustainable development strategy cannotfollow the traditional mode with big input,high consumption and serious pollution.However,it must turn into the small input,low consumption and light pollution. Theenvironment economists bring forward the circular economy as the new developmentmode that requires people utilize the natural resource and environment capability in aresources-conserving and environment-friendly way. It will result in the ecotypetransformation of economic structure. The industrial ecology is industrial layer’sembody of the cyclic economy and advanced stage of industry development.This paper reveals the industrial ecology’s connotation and its system’s principleand character based on the idea’s source of industry ecology and reviewing theprocess of industrial ecology’s theory. From this point,it explores the developmentpath of industrial ecology in the west of China. The west eco-system is weak,thedecomposing ability of natural system is lower than that of the eastern region and theenvironmental pollution will be diffused from the upperstream to other regions easilyf. Therefore,it is very crucial for the west to build the eco-environment and practicethe sustainable development strategy of China. This dissertation discovers theproblems such as weakened resources,poor environment’s performance and regionaleco-environment deterioration.Meanwhile,according to the analysis of EnvironmentalKuznets Curve,“first pollution,last treatment”cannot work in the west. If the weststill follows the traditional development mode,it would not appear the point ofinflexion for the environmental improvement. Besides,we get the ecologicalefficiency of substance metabolism in the west through the factor’s analysis and principle component’s analysis that shows the falling trend in the whole. As a result,itis necessary to develop the industrial ecology in the west for changing its ways ofeconomic growth. This paper figures out the industrial ecology’s path based on thecharacter of resources,environment and industries in the west. Firstly,the eco-systemshould be built respectively from three aspects of the enterprise,industrial symbiosisnetwork and regional circular economy. Secondly,from the structural readjustmentand spatial organization of industries,it explores that the structural optimization andthe industrial ecology mutually have the active effect on each other and it is the samewith the mutual relations between the industrial clusters and the industrial ecology.Thirdly,it points that the environmental protection industry will play the importantrole in driving the development of industrial ecology of the west during the process ofthe interactions of the structural optimization,the industrial clusters and the industrialecology. Finally,the paper puts forward the proposals about guarantee system,economic measures and technical support for solving the existing restraining factorsof institutional framework,economy,technology and legislation in the process ofdevelopment.更多还原