【作者】 和法国；

【导师】 韩文峰； 谌文武；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 地质工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 我国是一个土遗址大国，仅在西北干旱区遗留下来的国家级重点文物单位就有43处，省级重点文物单位360余处。由于自然条件的变化和人类活动的影响，土遗址的保存受到威胁，甚至濒临毁灭的危险。土遗址由本体和载体组成，对于本体的保护技术如今已经很成熟，而载体的保护加固技术研究起步较晚。土遗址载体的稳定性，控制着本体的保存价值。裂隙是影响土遗址载体稳定的主要病害。裂隙的发育、发展会导致载体边坡发生变形破坏。对裂隙进行灌浆加固，可以防止裂隙进一步发展，提高载体的整体稳定性。采取什么样的灌浆材料和灌浆方式以及灌浆后如何进行灌浆效果检测是土遗址载体加固的重点问题。交河故城遗址是我国土遗址尤其是西北干旱区土遗址的典型代表，其崖体裂隙非常发育。对其裂隙灌浆加固技术的研究对于土遗址载体裂隙灌浆加固具有重要的借鉴意义。本文从地质工程、抢救性保护工程等多学科角度出发，以文物保护新理念为指导，结合地质学、环境学、材料学等相关学科交叉的理论与方法，对交河故城遗址崖体裂隙发育进行了调查，对灌浆材料进行室内试验和加固机理研究，对灌浆前后崖体的稳定性进行了数值模拟计算，在交河故城典型崖体区域进行了裂隙灌浆工艺研究，优化了灌浆工艺流程和灌浆关键操作步骤，采用瑞雷波法对灌浆效果进行检测，并取得较好的检测成果，为土遗址载体裂隙灌浆加固提供了成功案例。主要研究内容分为以下几部分：1．调查了交河故城崖体病害主要类型，查明了交河故城东崖典型区域的裂隙发育状况，对裂隙类型、成因进行了总结分析，总结出崖体裂隙发育的规律。研究表明，交河故城崖体以裂隙的发育为主要病害，裂隙的发育导致崖体产生滑移、崩塌、倾倒等破坏。裂隙类型以卸荷裂隙为主，裂隙延伸长度可达50m，张开度最大达到80cm。2．对交河故城典型崖体41-5亚区裂隙灌浆进行了灌浆前后的数值模拟和计算，结果表明：灌浆前崖体处于极限平衡状态，崖体底部存在潜在的折线状滑移面，崖体的稳定性系数为1.014，灌浆后稳定性系数提高到1.090。裂隙灌浆的主要作用是对裂隙充填，防止裂隙进一步风化，同时一定程度上提高了崖体的稳定性。3．对灌浆材料PS和PS-(C+F)的工程特性以及浆液与土体作用机理进行了室内试验研究，内容包括PS材料加固故城遗址土和古长城遗址土的力学强度试验、水理试验、耐久性试验、综合能力试验测试及加固机理，对PS-(C+F)材料的力学性质、水稳性、耐久性等进行了试验测试，以及浆液灌入土体后与土体作用研究。获得了对灌浆材料的全面认识，证明了灌浆材料具有良好的工程特性，适用于土遗址载体保护加固工程。4．对比灌浆工程中常用的灌浆方法和灌浆材料及适用条件和应用原则，通过对交河故城崖体裂隙灌浆施工进行全面的调查分析，对施工工艺流程，施工环节的各个操作步骤进行了优化，并通过具体的典型区域崖体裂隙灌浆工程实例来验证该工艺的实践效果，形成了一套合理的针对土遗址载体裂隙灌浆的施工工艺。5．利用多道瞬态面波技术，在灌浆过程中不同空间和时间，对崖体裂隙灌浆前后进行检测效果对比，通过波速的变化来判定灌浆效果。结果表明，多道瞬态面波技术适用于对土遗址载体裂隙灌浆效果进行检测。更多还原

【Abstract】 China is a great nation of earthen sites, and only in the Arid Region of Northwest Chinathere are 43 national places and more than 360 provincial places. Because of the changes ofnature and effect of human activity, existence of earthen sites is threatened, even on the hazard ofruin. An earthen site includes relic body and carrier. Protecting technology of relic body isalready considerably ripe, but reinforce of carrier falls behind. The stability of carrier affectsexistence of relic body.Fissure is the main deterioration affecting the stability of carriers of earthen sites. Thegrowth of fissures will cause deformation in slope of carriers of earthen sites. Groutingreinforcing for fissure can prevent it from developing and strengthen its stability. But whichmaterial and method to use when grouting and how to evaluate grouting quality are the majorproblems of reinforcement of carrier of earthen sites.Jiaohe Ancient City is typically representative of earthen sites in China especially in theArid Region of Northwest China, and fissures in its carrier develop very much. Thereforeresearches on reinforcing technique of fissure grouting of Jiaohe have reference meaning forreinforcement of earthen sites carrieres.Based on multi-disciplinary view from geotechnical engineering and rescue protection,guided by the theory and method of relic protection, fissures in Jiaohe cliff were investigated indetail, indoor tests and reinforcing mechanism for grouting materials were researched, numericalsimulation and computation of stability of the cliff before and after grouting were carried,construction technology of fissure grouting were studied and progresses and operations havebeen optimized. And methods of rayleigh wave. The research has afforded a successful examplefor reinforcement of earthen sites. It main deal with the following aspect:1. According to the typicality of Jiaohe Ancient City in earthen sites of China, deteriorationstypes of fissures in Jiaohe cliff were investigated, and the types, cause of formation and law ofdevelopment of the fissures were summarized. Studies show that fissure is the maindeteriorations of Jiaohe Ancient City. Type of fissures of Jiaohe mainly is unload fissure, and maximum length reaches 50m, and maximum opening is 80cm.2. Numerical simulation and computation of stability of the cliff of sub region 41-5 beforeand after grouting were carried. It shows that the stability coefficient of the cliff is 1.014 and inthe limit state of equilibrium before grouting. After grouting the stability coefficient rises to1.090. That shows the effect of grouting for fissures of the cliffis filling the fissures to prevent itdeveloping and weathering, and improve the stability to a certain degree.3. Researches on engineering properties of grouting materials PS and PS-(C+F) and themechanism of action of seriflux and soil have been done. That consists of mechanical test,hydrology test, endurance test, integration capability and reinforcing mechanism of the earthfrom old Great Wall and old cities reinforced by PS material. Tests have been done onmechanical property, water-resistant, endurance etc of PS-(C+F) material. The mechanism ofaction of seriflux and soil after grouting was described. Then understanding of grouting materialshas been acquired.And it shows that the materials have good engineering characteristic and arefit for reinforcement of carriers of earthen sites.4. Methods and materials of grouting, use conditions and principles are compared. Byinvestigating the works through the grouting of Jiaohe Ancient City, the progresses andoperations have been optimized. The result was verified by engineering practice of typical cliffs.A logical grouting technique for fissures of carries of earthen sites has formed.5. By using multi-channel transient surface wave exploration in grouting, effects before andafter grouting were contrasted. The effect of grouting is tested by change of the wave velocity.And a non-destructive technique of quality detection has been set up in grouting of fissures ofearthen sites carries.更多还原