【作者】 邬少飞；

【导师】 张金隆； 韦司滢；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 工作流技术对于单一企业内固定业务流程的控制、管理是非常行之有效的方法。随着企业的全球化趋势日趋明显以及信息技术尤其是互联网的迅速发展，业务流程已经扩展到了企业外部，形成了虚拟企业。传统工作流技术只能管理企业内部业务过程，不能很好的支持虚拟企业中的跨企业的业务流程。Web服务和面向服务的体系结构的出现为虚拟企业的工作流管理系统提供了技术基础。本论文在国家自然科学基金重点项目--移动商务的基础理论与技术方法研究(70731001)的支持下及国内外相关课题、产品和标准的研究基础之上，对动态虚拟企业工作流这项非常有应用市场但实现困难的技术进行了研究，本文的主要研究内容包括：(1)根据企业和信息技术的发展趋势使业务过程呈现出的新特征，指出传统工作流技术必须突破自身的局限性才能够满足流程管理的新需求，提出将面向服务的体系结构SOA和Web服务作为实现分布式的、松散耦合的动态虚拟企业工作流管理系统的底层基础。(2)通过分析虚拟企业工作流的运行过程，提出一个基于Web服务的动态虚拟企业工作流的信息架构。通过扩展工作流管理联盟提出的工作流过程定义语言WPDL，向其中引入事件、促发器、规则等要素，将所有由人工完成或者虚拟企业工作流自动完成的共享任务全部定义为Web服务，提出了一个基于Web服务的动态虚拟企业工作流模型。(3)基于上述工作流模型，设计一个代码生成器来生成工作流的运行时结构的代码以及活动的代码。在工作流实例运行的过程中通过对运行时结构的增加、修改或删除等操作来对工作流的控制流和数据流进行实时的修改。在活动编码生成的过程中，活动说明被翻译并编译到Java类中。如果活动说明被修改了，那么相关的活动编码将重新生成并重载到Java类中。这样可以有效的实现动态虚拟企业工作流的动态特性。(4)将虚拟企业合作伙伴的选择问题转化为了对Web服务资源的选择、评价与绑定问题。利用Web服务模板对Web服务及Web服务请求进行规范的定义与注册。按照功能属性、非功能属性的约束和属性间约束来说明Web服务的约束。在工作流运行过程中对最合适的Web服务提供者及其所提供的服务进行动态的选择。针对Web服务的选择过程中可能出现多个候选Web服务提供者的情况，以候选Web服务的非功能属性为评价准则，采用模糊层次评价方法进行Web服务选择。(5)将事务管理引入基于Web服务的动态虚拟企业工作流中。针对传统的事务模型的缺陷，在现有的研究基础上提出了一个改进的工作流事务模型。根据事务间的直接关联关系和间接关联关系及事务的分类信息实现了动态虚拟企业工作流中跨企业的长事务业务流程的部分补偿策略。更多还原

【Abstract】 Aggravating market competition requests enterprises should enhance their own core competence according to their characteristic, concentrate their main attention on the research of core technoloties and manufacture of core products, reform their backward manufacturing pattern. It makes enterprises must outsource other non-core competence tasks to other enterprises. And virutal enterprise comes into being at this moment. The workflow technology is an effective method of controlling and managing the fixed business process of single enterprise. Along with the tendency of enterprise’s globalization and rapid development of information technology, especially the Internet and the World Wide Web, business processes gradually extend outside the enterprise, many business processes need to be completed by several enterprises cooperatively. The traditional workflow technology that manages single business process within one organization, it can not support the cross business processes of virtual enterprise well and shows its limitations while it confronts with such business processes management requirements. The new features of business processes require the WFMS should have distributed and loosely coupled architecture and be able to deal with workflow processes which across multiple organizations in a process-oriented manner.As a distributed computing environment, SOA and Web Services can provide a communication infrastructure for implementing distributed workflow management system. Therefore the extension of workflow management systems to manage virtual enterprise business processes seems to be a promising solution.On the basis of analyzing many famous projects, products and specifications, we have done much research on some key technologies in web services-based workflow of dynamic virtual enterprise which includes the following aspects:(1) According to the new features of business process brought by macro trends in business and technology, the opinion that traditional workflow management systems must break through their limitations to satisfied the requirement of proeess management is expressed. In addition, it is stated that distributed architecture is the direction in workflow management system development. Furthermore, SOA and Web Services are proved as suitable infrastructure of fully distributed and loosely coupled WfMS.(2) Through analyzing the running mechanism of dynamic virtual enterprise workflow and realization mechanism of virtual enterprise, an information architecture of virtual enterprise based on Web services is proposed. By extending WfMC’s WPDL, a web services-based workflow of dynamic virtual enterprise is also presented. The extension includes adding the concepts of events and rules into WPDL, introducing the connector construct and supporting Web services requests.(3) Based on the above workflow process model a code generator is designed. It generates run-time workflow structures and activity code. Workflow structures and activity can be modified at run-time. It can realize the flexibility of the workflow of dynamic virtual enterprise effectively.(4) Converting the problem of selecting virtual enterprise partner into the problem of dynamic selecting, binding and evaluating Web service resources. Web services and web service request is specified and registered according to the web service definition template. We adopt the syntax and semantics of the Constraint-Based Requirement Specification Language to specify attribute and inter-attribute constraints on the attributes of the web service. In case that there are multiple service providers can satisfy the requests, we take the non-function attribute of candidate Web services as evaluation criterion and select the optimum Web service based on the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method.(5) Transaction management is introduced into the web service-based workflow of dynamic virtual enterprise. Based on the present research of the transaction of workflow, we find the tranditional transaction model is not suitable for web service-based workflow of dynamic virtual enterprise. So a new transaction model of workflow based on the direc relation and indirection relation is presented in the paper.更多还原