【作者】 王占平；

【导师】 唐小宏；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 无线电物理， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 通过对研究对象携带的某些特定频段电磁波信号进行探测与诊断，可以获得被研究对象的许多特定信息。这些特定频段电磁信号的获取通常有两种方式：一种方式是被动探测，即由探测器对研究对象自身发射的特定频段的电磁信号进行探测，然后对探测到的信号进行分析与诊断，获得研究对象的有关特性；另一种方式是主动探测，即采用特定频段的电磁信号作用于被研究对象，然后对探测到的携带有被研究对象特性的被调制信号进行分析与诊断，从而获得被研究对象的有关特性。本文中，作者选取了电磁频谱中几个有代表性频段的电磁波信号进行了相关的探测与诊断研究。这些研究包括三个方面：用于惯性约束核聚变激光等离子体诊断的小型化X射线二极管探测器技术研究、用于宽范围速度测量的毫米波前端技术研究、基于微波的高速飞行体姿态识别技术研究。在小型化快响应软X射线探测器研究中，研制了能探测时间响应半高宽FWHM（Full Wave at Half Maximum）为亚纳秒级的软X射线脉冲的小型化X射线二极管（X-Ray Diode，XRD）探测器。经测试，该探测器的时间响应半高宽FWHM小于60ps，线性电流大于5A，在X射线能量为150～5000eV时，灵敏度为4.13×10^-4～1.26×10^-6C／J。在W波段毫米波干涉仪前端技术研究中，采用了发射机锁相源技术、泄漏抑制技术、接收机两次混频检波技术等关键技术，研制了基于多普勒频率的“95GHz毫米波干涉仪”测速前端，其频率稳定度达到1.05×10^-6，视频信号输出电平峰-峰值不小于2V，静态噪声电平小于15mV，可实现对速率在1～2000m／s范围的运动物体的速率测试。本文还提出了两种基于微波和微机电系统（MEMS）加速度计的姿态识别方法。第一种方法是在飞行体上安装一只高灵敏度的MEMS重力加速度计，地面线极化微波发射机提供地面二维方位基准和目标参数，飞行体上单片机（MCU）数据处理模块根据天线和加速度计提供的飞行体姿态信号解算滚转角信息，并根据目标参数生成轨道修正指令。第二种方法是在飞行体上安装一只圆极化微波天线和多只低灵敏度的MEMS重力加速度计，地面微波发射机传递目标参数，飞行体上MCU数据处理模块根据加速度计提供的姿态信号解算滚转角信息，并根据目标参数生成轨道修正指令。采用这两种方法实现的飞行体上MCU数据处理模块均具有姿态识别快、成本低、体积小、抗过载能力强的优点，其滚转角解算误差小于1度。更多还原

【Abstract】 A lot of characteristic information can be obtained by diagnosing and detectingthe specific electromagnetic wave signals carried by the subject. There are two meansto obtain the specific electromagnetic wave signals. One is passive detection, which isthe detector detects the specific electromagnetic wave signals transmitted by thesubject and then analyze the signals to diagnose the characters of the subject; The othermean is active detection, which is the specific electromagnetic wave signals acts on thesubject and the detector detects the modulated electromagnetic wave signals whichcarrying characters of the subject, and then analyze the modulated signals to find thecharacters of the subject.In this thesis, the author selected several typical electromagnetic signals as thetool to study the methods of detecting and diagnosing based on the electromagneticspectrum. These researches cover three aspects: the miniaturized X-ray diode（XRD）detector used for laser-produced plasma diagnosis in Inertia Constrain Fusion（ICF）;the millimeter wave front-end technique used for measuring the speed of wide arranges;the methods and technique of attitude identifying about the high speed flying objectbased on microwave.The miniaturized XRD detector for detecting the soft X-ray which FWHM（FullWave at Half Maximum） of response time is subnanosecond level. The results showthat the detector’s FWHM of response time is less than 60 ps, linear current is greaterthan 5A and the sensitivity of the miniaturized X-ray diode（XRD） detector is4.13×10^-4～1.26×10^-6 C/J when the X-ray’s energy is at 150～5000eV.The 95GHz millimeter wave interferometer front-end for speed detecting is basedon the the Doppler Effect. It adopts the key technology of PLL（phase loop lock） forthe source, restraining for the leaking and two mixing and detecting for the receiver. Itsstability can reach 1.05×10^-6 Hz/h, and the Vp-p output level of video signal is greaterthan 2V, and the static is lower than 15mV. The range of the speed detected by themillimeter wave interferometer front-end is about 1 to 2000 mps. This thesis brings forward two methods to identify the attitude of flying objectbased on microwave and MEMS accelerometer. The first is to install a linear polarizedmicrowave antenna and a high-sensitivity MEMS gravitational accelerometer on theflying object. The antenna receives the target parameter and the two dimensionorientation benchmark of the earth transfered from the microwave transmitter on theground. The MCU data-processing module would calculate the rolling-angular of theflying object, and then create the dictate using to modify the trajectory. The secondmethod is to install a circularly polarized microwave antenna and severallow-sensitivity MEMS gravitational accelerometers on the flying object. The antennareceives the target parameter emitted from the microwave transmitter on the ground.The MCU data-processing module would calculate the rolling-angular and then createthe dictate using to modify the trajectory. The MCU data-process module based on thetwo methods has advantages of high speed of attitude identification, low cost, smallvolume and strong ability of anti-overlord, and the error of the rolling-angularcalculation is less than 1°.更多还原