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中国企业内部控制动力分析与约束机制研究

Analysis on Chinese Enterprise Internal Control Dynamics and Research on Restraining Mechanism

【作者】 童丽丽;

【导师】 乞建勋; 牛东晓;

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学(北京) , 技术经济及管理, 2009, 博士

【摘要】 近年来,由于国内外财务舞弊事件频繁发生,关于企业内部控制的理论研究受到前所未有的关注。在我国,随着内部控制管理理论研究的逐步深入和实践应用的不断推进,存在的问题也逐渐显现。本文试图针对中国企业实际情况,在对中国企业内部控制动力进行分析的基础上,研究企业内部控制的约束机制及其实现形式。在理论上,能够扩展和完善内部控制理论框架体系;在实践中,能够结合中国企业内部控制动力问题,提出内部控制约束机制框架和体系的构建方法,协助企业构建和完善内部控制。本文的研究,采取实证和规范相结合的研究方法。由于企业的内部控制数据不像上市公司的财务会计数据,没有公开的资料可以查询,所以,本文的实证研究主要采取调查研究和案例研究的方法。本文在回顾了内部控制理论的起源及其在国外的理论发展的基础上通过调查问卷的方式,分析了中国企业内部控制发展及其现状。在此基础上,分别从宏观和微观两个层面分析了企业内部控制的发展动力和存在的问题。针对这些问题,本文分别从宏观和微观两个角度给出了企业内部控制约束机制的框架与体系。即在宏观层面建立一套互相协作与制约的多级外部控制框架,这一框架应该包括:法律法规等强制性约束和准则规范;证券监管机构的职责界定;会计师事务所的外部监督;企业内部控制约束机制体系的构建与自我完善。在微观层面明确企业目标的前提下,在统一的内容框架下构建完善的内部控制约束机制体系;在业务层面建立内部控制约束制度与措施;在事后控制层面进行内部控制约束机制评价,为进一步强化企业内部控制约束机制提供参考。在研究过程中,本文创新之处在于:通过设计博弈矩阵证明中小股东对企业的影响很小甚至没有,而大股东通过参与高层管理操纵内部控制的情况却非常普遍,首次提出必须强化大股东层面对内部控制的责任与义务;针对企业中现有内部控制约束机制普遍缺乏可操作性的情况,本文第一次提出在设计具体的内部控制约束制度时,要遵循唯一性原则和流程描述岗位化原则;利用模糊数学分析的方法,首次建立起内部控制约束机制效果评价模型,较好的解决了以往该领域缺乏定量研究的问题。

【Abstract】 The research on corporate internal control has attracted enormous attention,in particular after the many incidences of accounting fraud in the Western countries.In China,many issues emerge as the study and practice of internal control progress.This paper investigates the underlying mechanism of corporate control of Chinese firms. The paper has both important theoretic contribution and interesting practical implications.This paper adopts a mixture of theoretical and empirical approach.Unlike the financial information for public traded companies,large dataset on corporate control are not readily available.The empirical part of this paper relies on survey data and case studies.Survey based on the recent theoretical development on corporate control was conducted.Based on the analysis of the survey data,this paper proposes a framework of corporate control from both macro and micro perspectives.At the macro level,a multi-layer external control mechanism should be established, including:laws and other legal regulations,security exchange agencies,and accounting standards.At the micro level,a complete and well-functioning internal control should be developed,including both the measures of ex ante control and the measure of ex post assessment.This paper makes the following contributions to the literature.A game theoretical approach proves that small shareholders have little or no influence on firms,while large shareholders take control of corporate control through the direct participation of high-level management.This paper first emphasizes the need of monitoring large shareholders.The paper also first proposes,under the general absence of operationability of current mechanism of internal control,that,mechanism design of internal control should follow a uniqueness principle and a process description with post as the unit principle.Finally,for the first time,the paper uses the tools of fuzzy mathematics to develop an assessment model for the effectiveness of internal control, which can potentially improve the quantitative aspect of the research in this field.

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