中国经济增长过程中工资的调节机制研究

【作者】 刘丽；

【导师】 任保平；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 西方经济学， 2009， 博士

【摘要】 作为收益与成本的复合指标——工资,是经济增长的一个决定因素,因此,工资的变动必然会影响经济增长。而在经济增长过程中,中国工资的变动及其调节与经济理论有很多出入的地方,需要进行有效的措施加以校正。基于此,本文从前人对经济增长与工资关系的相关研究中梳理中得出,经济增长与工资之间存在内在关系,并对此关系进行理论解释,从而提出经济增长过程中工资调节机制的分析框架,然后据此分析中国经济增长过程中工资变动的基本态势,并从微观、中观、宏观和区域角度研究工资的调节机制。在理论分析层面上,本文在对前人对经济增长与工资内在关系的相关研究中梳理的基础上得出,经济增长与工资之间可能存在正向和负向相关关系,并对存在的这种关系进行理论解释。在分析经济增长过程中工资调节机制的分析框架中,本文指出,工资调节具有微观性、中观性、宏观性和区域性。而工资主要是通过影响企业生产行为和个体劳动者的消费等状况实现微观调节机制;通过消费结构的提升、劳动力供求结构、投资结构的变化推动产业结构的演进和升级实现工资的中观调节机制;通过消费和积累的变化影响总需求、劳动力供求结构和生产成本的变化影响总供给对宏观经济进行一系列的调节;区域间的工资差异通过促进劳动力的流动和区域间消费差异来实现工资对区域的调节。这样,本文提出了一个工资调节机制的逻辑分析框架。在研究中国工资调节机制的应用层面上,本文利用前文的分析框架研究了中国在经济增长过程中工资的调节机制问题。为此,通过经济数据对中国工资变动进行统计分析,经济增长过程中工资变动的基本态势:计划经济时期,职工工资平均水平较低,其波动不大;工资总额大致呈上升趋势,但增长缓慢:工资增长与经济增长的差距变化不稳定;经济改革时期,工资水平迅速上升,但工资增长与经济增长的差距日益增大,区域、产业间的离散度不断增加。这些基本态势主要是中国收入分配不合理、劳动力市场的不健全和经济发展战略的局限性造成的,影响整个经济社会的正常运行。由此出发,分别从微观、中观、宏观和区域四个角度对中国经济增长过程中工资的调节机制问题进行详细的分析。在微观方面,本文主要解释当前不同所有制企业之间扭曲的工资差异在影响劳动资源合理配置的基础上使工资不能有效地对企业生产进行调节,进而提出完善劳动力市场运行机制和推进国有企业市场化工资决定机制的相关政策。在中观方面,本文指出工资主要从消费需求和劳动力供求两个方面影响产业结构变动的。并通过实证研究表明,中国工资变动与产业结构之间存在着一种长期稳定的均衡关系,工资与第一、二产业之间存在因果关系,与第三产业之间不存在因果关系,说明我国职工工资水平相对较低,第三产业发展滞后,这就要求从提高我国职工特别是中低收入群体的工资水平,改善市场发展环境、促进第三产业发展等多层面采取措施。在宏观方面,工资主要是通过影响总需求和总供给对宏观经济运行进行调节。通过实证分析发现,实际工资与经济增长之间存在着一种长期稳定的均衡关系,而实际工资的变动不是影响经济增长的直接因素,经济增长对实际工资的变化有直接影响,这说明中国工资对总需求和总供给未其到应有的调节作用,从而得出为了维持中国经济的长期增长,提高职工实际工资水平是关键。而完善劳动力市场、促进就业和健全社会保障体系,加大对劳动力的素质教育和培训力度,推动企业通过技术创新和改进装备来压缩生产成本等一系列措施是实现工资宏观调节的基本保证。在区域方面,本文主要解释区域间工资差异扩大化通过影响劳动力资源的配置和区域间消费差异调节区域经济的发展。指出中国三大区域间工资差异影响到区域经济的发展,而劳动力市场分割正是造成这种局面的主要原因,为此就要在深化中西部地区市场化改革,进一步打破区域间劳动力市场分割,建立统一、完善的劳动力市场,建立区域利益调整机制,支持中西部地区科技与教育的发展等各方面采取有效措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wage is a composite index of profit and cost, which is a determinant factor in the process of economic growth. The change of wage must affect economic growth, but many realistic things about the change of wage and adjustment in china depart from economic theories, which need revise by effective measures. The paper starts from the theory of endogenetic growth and find the inherent relation between economic growth and wage, try to bring forward the analyzing frame of adjusting mechanism wage in process of economic growth. Then I study basic state the change of wage in china. Finally, I analyze the adjusting mechanism of wage from micro economy, middle economy, macro economy and region.In the academic analysis, I find t the inherent relation between economic growth and wage by the study of economists. In the logic analysis, I point out that wage affects economic growth in micro economy, middle economy, macro economy and region. wage adjusts the micro economy by impacting a corporation and individual; wage adjusts the middle economy by the structure of consumption, labor and investment; wage adjusts macro economy by consumption, accumulation, cost; the difference of wage adjusts the development of region by the flow of labor and the difference of consumption. So the paper puts forward a logic frame of adjusting modes, routes and impacts of wage in economic growth.In practical application, the paper analyz(?)s the adjusting mechanism of wage in china by logic frame. First, I point out the basic states of wage in process of economic growth: in planned economy, wage was low, total wage increased slowly, the gap between the growth wage and economic growth largely fluctuated; in reformation of economy, wage increases quickly, the gap between wage and GDP increasingly enlarges, scatter of region and industry broadens. The trends are caused by irrational income distribution, imperfect labor market and limitation of economic strategy. The paper analyzes the adjusting mechanism of wage in process of economic growth in china from micro economy, middle economy, macro economy and region. In micro economy, the paper mainly explains the wage difference of different companies which affects the reasonable collocation of labor and restrains the adjusting function of wage, so I put forward perfecting labor market and implementing marketable wage in state companies. In middle economy, the paper points out that the change of wage affects the structure of industry by consumable demand and the supply and demand of labor. In the demonstrating study, we find that wage and the first industry、the second industry have Granger causality, wage and the third industry have not Granger causality, so we need improve the environment of market development and promote the third industry. In macro economy, the paper points out that the change of wage adjusts the running of macro economy through affecting gross demand and gross supply. In the demonstrating study, we find that wage is not a determinant of economic growth, economic growth is a determinant of wage. so we must promote employment and social insurance, increase the investment of education and training and drive companies to decrease cost. In region, the paper mainly explains that the difference of wage among regions affects the distribution of labor and the difference of consumption adjusts the development of the regions. It points out that the division of labor market is the most important among reasons causing the difference of wage in region, so we deepen the market reform of middle and western region, remove the division of labor market, found an unitive and perfect labor market and the mechanism of adjusting region benefit.更多还原