【作者】 牙韩高；

【导师】 刘朝明； 贾志永；

【作者基本信息】 西南交通大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着我国高等教育管理体制的深化,高校招生规模的扩大,后勤工作的社会化,学分制的推行,大学毕业生就业的双向选择等诸多方面导致高等学校学生班级和学生会组织管理功能弱化。同时随着素质教育的实施和“大学生素质拓展计划”的逐步展开,我国高校学生社团(不包括港澳台地区)发展迅猛,学生社团组织在校园文化建设和促进大学生全面素质发展的地位越来越突出。高校学生社团管理部门(各级共青团组织)的管理者如何指导和管理学生社团的能力正面临严峻的挑战。高校学生社团管理效能的发挥很大程度上取决于社团管理者作用的发挥,如何提高学生社团管理者效能已经成为目前高校学生社团研究的重点。因此,本文从领导方式研究入手,探讨领导生命周期理论的四种领导方式与领导效能问题,为高校学生社团管理者不断提高领导效能提供理论支持和实践指导。论文在说明共青团组织形态的基本特性、应用领导生命周期理论的原因和领导生命周期理论的适用性三个问题的基础上,选择了领导生命周期理论作为基础理论。紧紧围绕论文提出的七个核心研究问题展开研究:(1)完成领导方式及其相关变量、领导效能及其相关变量、领导方式与领导效能关系的测量分析和学生社团成熟度及其相关变量的测量分析。(2)完成预调查问卷与正式调查问卷的领导方式、领导效能与学生社团成熟度量表制定。选择国外著名的LBDQⅫ的多因素领导方式量表、明尼苏达工作满意度的短式量表和波特、斯蒂尔斯和茅德(Porter,Steers＆Mowday)编制的组织承诺量表,经过预问卷调查和正式问卷调查的因素分析,精简并修改后组成正式调查问卷的领导方式与领导效能量表。利用Allen的情景指导模型所划分的学生社团四种成熟度水平,制定出中国高校学生社团成熟度水平潜在评价指标,通过预问卷调查的因素分析对潜在指标进行筛选与修改,形成包括28个指标四个水平的高校学生社团成熟度水平评价指标体系,并对不同成熟度水平的指标进行解释与定义。论文以重庆大学、中山大学、西安交通大学、华中科技大学、桂林电子科技大学、广西医科大学、广西民族大学、广西大学和北京大学九所高校为研究对象展开正式问卷调查的实证研究:(1)经过预调查问卷制定出的正式调查问卷的领导方式量表与领导效能量表具有较满意的信度和效度。(2)成熟度量表的KMO和Bartlett检验表明量表具有良好的信度和效度,适合应用于中国高校学生社团成熟度评价;同时评价的数据结果还为高校学生社团管理中要根据学生社团成熟度水平来权变地选择领导方式提供了直接依据。(3)采用方差分析来考察领导方式与领导效能评价在人口统计学上的差异。对于假设1:不同身份;性别;年级:入社团年限;与指导老师相处时间;获奖情况;学校;专业;社团类型情况下,高校学生社团对领导者的四种领导方式评价有差异,研究发现对于命令型领导方式,年级、学校变量符合假设,其它变量不符合假设;对于说服型领导方式,获奖情况、学校、专业和社团类型符合假设,其它变量不符合假设;对于参与型领导方式,全部变量都不符合假设;对于授权型领导方式,性别和学校变量符合假设,其它变量都不符合假设。对于假设2:不同身份;性别;年级;入社团年限;与指导老师相处时间;获奖情况;学校;专业:社团类型情况下,高校学生社团对领导者的领导效能评价有差异,研究发现在学校变量上符合假设,其它变量都不符合假设。(4)采用通过组织绩效变化程度的的评价方法来进行领导效能的客观测量,完成九所中国高校学生社团领导效能客观测量的一个实例。(5)构建高校学生社团管理中领导方式取向与领导效能的关系模型。首次定量化地反映出高校学生社团管理中各种领导方式的表现程度与下属激励度(即领导效能)间因果关系;模型还形象地表明高校学生社团管理中各种领导方式取向对于领导效能的贡献程度是不相同的,按照贡献程度的大小排序依次是:参与型领导方式、授权型领导方式、命令型领导方式和说服型领导方式,这个结果也是与学生社团成熟度水平评价排序结果为Ⅳ级成熟度相符合。T检验结果表明四种领导方式的行为复杂性和行为简单性两组样本在下属激励度上的差异十分显著,表明行为取向的复杂性对领导效能有显著影响,即善于运用多种领导方式的领导者(其行为取向的复杂程度高)往往能够取得更高的领导效能。本研究的结论是:在领导生命周期理论的指导下,中国高校学生社团管理部门的管理者要善于根据学生社团成熟度水平,权变地采取多种领导方式取向相结合的领导方式才有利于取得较好的领导效能。研究成果对于提高领导才能和工作绩效,以及加强对学生社团管理队伍建设的宏观领导,提高领导效能等方面提供具有针对性和创造性的理论支持;对于有效指导学生社团的健康发展,促进学生健康成长成才具有重要的理论意义和实践意义;为进一步丰富和发展中国的领导科学研究中关于高校学生社团管理中领导方式的理论具有积极的探索意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently, as the diathesis education has been greatly developed by Chinese Communist Youth League, Ministry of Education and Nationa Student League, the amount, classes and college numbers of student consortium increased a lot. The status and action of student consortium is prominent. Governors of higher edcations are faceing austere challenge about how to lead and direct the student consortium. Therefore, this study chose leadership style and discussed the relationship between four leadership style of life cycle theory and leadership effectiveness in order to supply theoretical and practical direction for university governors.This study reviewed literature of leadership theory and compared in research method between east and west under the wide literature flat and chose life cycle theory as our basic theory and put forward seven core hypothesis after answering three questions:basic characters of Communist Youth League, causes of choosing life cyle theory and adaptability of life cyle theory.Accordingly, based on research variables of core hypothesis, research technology , questionary and rules of sample choice were designed.This study focused on building measurement tools of leadership styles. A questionare of measurement leadership styles is designed based on English LBDQⅫ, analysied using PCA and reduced into a final questionare including 57 subjects. Desmonstration shows that reliability analysis and validity analysis of the questionare is eligible through preliminary and formal investigation.The leadership life cycle theory considers that leadership styles are associated with the following’s mature level and leaders adapt styles according to mature level. Study emphases of student consortium are to build estimation index of mature level. This study developed and defined a series of estimation index including 28 indexes according to Allen’s model (1983). Nine Univeristy’s desmonstration shows that KMO and Bartlett of mature level questionare is eligible and good for Chinese university’s student consortium and provide direct evidence for choosing leader styles according to mature level of student consortium.Leadership effectivesss studey examined the leadership effectiveness from two dimensions of individual level and organization level. In individual level study, a questionare of measurement leadership effectiveness has been built by choosing two questionare: working approvement and organization acceptance. In organization level, this study provided a indirect measurement to evaluate leadership effectiveness by dynamic alteration of organization performance based on DEA compare with traditional measurements, this method not only provided an objective measurement on leadership effectiveness but also indicated the benchmarking effect of measurement.This study built up a relationship model of leadership style and leadership effectiveness through formal investigation which were expanded in nine Chinese universities:ChongQing University, Sun Yat-Sen University, XiAn Jiaotong University,HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, GuiLing University of Electronic Technology, Guangxi Medical, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Guangxi University and Beijing University. The model fistly quatifily indicated that the correlation ship of leadership style and leadership effectiveness and effective degree of leadership style is different. Leadership style listed from high to low: Participating, Delegating, Telling and Selling, which is consistent with the result of mature level. At the same time, this study found the same result as western research which leadership effectiveness of complexd styles adapting styles according to mature level is higher that of simple styles.The results are effective for manegement of student consortium and personnel.This study concluded that under leadership life cycle theory, universities governors with multiple and complexd style may forecast much higher leadership effectiveness according to mature level. This study not only modidied and developed contemporary Chinese leadership style research and university student consortium leadership research in theory,but also put word some recommendations on leadership trainning and leadership effectiveness evaluation. This paper’s conclusion would help leaderships to improve their competences according to mature level. Accordingly, when leadership formed muliple leadership style, they would keep flexibility and creativity, and have high leadership effectiveness.更多还原