【作者】 刘彬；

【导师】 朱庆华；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 随着资源和环境压力的日益突出,企业不断受到来自方方面面的压力,要求其开展环境友好的实践活动。绿色供应链管理作为可持续发展下制造企业的全过程环境管理模式,受到了理论界和企业界的广泛认可和重视。绿色采购是绿色供应链管理的重要组成部分,是绿色供应链管理实施的基础,通过与供应商的协调与合作达到降低成本、减少有害物质的使用、提高企业响应市场速度的能力,全面提升企业的竞争力,树立企业的环保形象。供应商的选择是绿色采购的核心内容,也是绿色采购实施的首要环节,通过供应商评价指标的设计可以进一步反映出企业绿色采购实践的水平。研究表明:绿色采购实践可以提高企业的环境绩效。但是,人们普遍的认识是环境管理会对企业的总体绩效产生负面影响。因此,本文以绿色采购实践中供应商的选择和企业绩效评价为主要研究对象,探讨绿色供应商选择的评价指标体系、企业的绩效评价以及供应商选择对企业绩效的影响,希望能够为我国制造企业绿色化改造并实现经济与环境的协调发展提供有益的指导。本论文研究主要包括三个部分:首先,根据国内外的绿色采购相关文献的收集和系统理论研究,建立了绿色采购概念模型,提出了具有环境评价特征的供应商选择时需要考虑的27个评价指标。为建立供应商评价指标体系,本文设计开发了供应商评价测量量表,通过实证研究建立了5个维度27个题项的供应商评价指标体系。指标体系的建立为后续的供应商选择对企业绩效影响研究奠定了基础。运用层次分析法和模糊综合评判作为供应商选择的方法并进行案例研究,同时根据因子分析法,确定了供应商评价指标的权重。其次,根据可持续发展下企业概念模型对基于绿色采购的企业绩效评价的特点进行了分析,并提出了从财务绩效、运作绩效和环境绩效三个方面对企业绩效进行评价的重要性,建立了企业绩效评价3个维度19个题项的理论指标体系。通过实证研究对该理论指标体系进行了验证,结果表明该指标体系可以用于企业绩效的评价。该指标体系的建立为后续的供应商评价对企业绩效影响研究提供了依据。在此基础上运用因子分析法对案例企业进行了绩效评价。再次,通常情况下人们对于环境管理的认识是高成本、无效率的,因此,本文在以上研究的基础上对供应商选择与企业绩效间的关系运用相关分析、回归分析、聚类分析等统计分析方法进行了检验,并得出以下主要研究结论。(1)在绿色采购供应商选择指标中,供应链管理因子贡献率最大,但是在我国企业实践中该因子的作用还没有被真正开发出来。外部环境管理在供应商的环境绩效评价中应该具有重要的作用,我国制造企业在绿色采购中应该注意提高该因素对于供应商评价的作用。(2)中国制造企业在选择供应商的实践中存在不同的类型,根据企业对环境因素的考虑程度可以分为主动环境战略和被动环境战略两种,实施主动环境战略的企业比实施被动环境战略的企业获得更好的环境绩效和企业总绩效。(3)通过对中国制造企业的实证研究,绿色供应商的选择与企业的运作绩效、环境绩效和负面财务绩效显著正相关。(4)绿色供应商的选择与企业正面财务绩效的正面相关关系没有得到充分的支持,这是由于环境管理在起始阶段需要企业的大量投资,但是投资的回收期可能会比较长,因此,在短期内没有被检验出来。这也是我国制造企业不愿进行环境投资的一个原因。(5)企业规模对运作绩效有着显著的负面影响,这种规模不经济的现象可能是由于随着企业规模的扩大,企业内部各部门间的沟通不顺畅而造成的。(6)回归分析结果中,生态设计和供应链管理对环境绩效的影响最强,其次是环境认证和外部环境管理。(7)关于预防性的实践活动(包括生态设计等)所产生的对环境绩效的影响要优于控制性的实践活动,这一结论同样适用于实践活动对于运作绩效的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to resource scarcity and ecological degradation, manufacturers have experienced increasing pressure to implement environmental practices. As a systematic environmental approach, green supply chain management has emerged as an important new management innovation that helps manufacturers to improve their environmental performance. Green purchasing is one of key practices of green supply chain management; and it can improve enterprises’ competitiveness by reducing costs through less consumption of toxic materials and establishing green image. Supplier selection is the first step to implement green purchasing. The implementation level of green purchasing practices can be evaluated through supplier selection indices. The previous researches indicated that green purchasing practices can improve enterprises’ environmental performance. However, whether green purchasing brings positive or negative financial performance remains controversial. This dissertation aims to establish an assessment index system for supplier selection and enterprises’ performance evaluation, and then further studies the effect of supplier selection on business performance. Research results provide implications to help Chinese manufacturers to realize sustainable development by green purchasing. The dissertation consists of three main parts:Firstly, a conceptual model is established based on literatures review and theoretic analysis. Twenty-seven indicators for supplier selection are developed. In order to establish a supplier assessment index system, a measurable questionnaire is developed. According to empirical results, a supplier assessment system with 5 dimensions and 27 items is identified. A case study of supplier selection is done through analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, and the weights of indices are then confirmed by factor analysis.Secondly, based on the business conceptual model for sustainable development, a theoretical index system with 3 dimensions and 19 items is established for business performance evaluation. This theoretical index system is tested and confirmed by statistic analysis and a case study, which sets up the foundation to examine the relationship between supplier selection and enterprises’ performance improvement.Thirdly, the relationship between supplier selection and enterprises’ performance is analyzed through correlation analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis. The main conclusions are summarized in the below. (1) The contribution rate of supply chain management factor is the largest among all indices of supplier selection for green purchasing. However, supply chain management has not gained enough attention by Chinese manufacturers. The external environmental management is important for manufacturers to improve environmental performance, and thus Chinese manufacturers should pay more attention to the effect of supplier assessment.(2) There are two different types of strategies in terms of the practices of supplier selection among Chinese manufacturers, which can be named as proactive environmental strategy and reactive environmental strategy. The proactive environmental strategy can gain higher environmental and financial performance improvement.(3) The empirical study on Chinese manufacturing enterprises reveals that green supplier selection has positive effect on operational, environmental and negative financial performance.(4) There is no significant relationship between supplier selection and positive financial performance. It is possible due to investment needed at the initial stage of environmental management. It is also one of the reasons that Chinese enterprises are unwilling to implement environmental practices.(5) Firm size has significant negative effect on operational performance, which may result from difficulty for enough communication among departments of larger enterprises.(6) The effects of eco-design and supply chain management on environmental performance are the most significant, followed by environmental certification and external environmental management.(7) The proactive practices such as eco-design have higher effect on environmental performance than reactive practices. The same conclusion can be gained for operational performance.更多还原