【作者】 王向红；

【导师】 别敦荣；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 教育经济与管理， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 高等教育评估,作为促进高等教育健康发展的有效机制,作为高等教育管理方式和高等教育质量保障手段,日益为政府、高校、学生、家长、用人单位、普通公民等评估用户做出正确的决策和行为选择服务。如果高等教育评估本身的质量难以得到保证,那么,以评估为基础的用户的决策和行为选择的质量以及高等教育的质量就难以得到保障与提高。“理性决策可被视为由两类不同前提推出的结论,这两类前提就是价值前提和事实前提。”而评估,作为基于事实判断上的价值判断,既与决策的事实前提有关,又与决策的价值前提相联。无庸置疑,评估用户能否做出正确的决策与行为选择,与评估质量的高低好坏直接有关。然而,目前我国高等教育评估在指标体系、评估信息、评估结果、评估机构与人员等方面存在着较严重的问题,导致评估质量不高。同时,它还面临着来自大众化、产业化和国际化等高等教育内部因素的挑战以及政府、公众问责等外部环境的挑战,需要不断地提高评估质量,并为评估用户提供评估质量证明。基于此,本课题把高等教育评估质量保证作为研究对象,从元评价的视角,循着为什么要研究我国高等教育评估质量保证、根据什么样的标准来保证和衡量高等教育评估质量、怎样进行高等教育评估质量保证的研究思路,对我国高等教育评估进行比较全面的反思与批判,以建立具有中国特色的高等教育评估质量保证体系,保证、提高高等教育评估质量和高等教育质量。高等教育评估质量保证是根据一定的标准,通过监控、引导高等教育评估全程,认可、审查评估机构和评估人员,以改进和持续提高评估质量,并为评估用户提供质量证明所必需的有计划、有组织的全部活动。高等教育评估质量标准,为高等教育评估质量保证活动提供依据和尺度,包括三种类型的标准。前提性标准,要求进入高等教育评估市场的机构与人员获得认可,具备最基本的专业能力、资格水平。原则性标准,为评估质量提供整体准则和观念依据,主要包括合规律性与合目的性的统一、合工具性与合价值性的统一以及合理与合情的统一。技术性标准,为高等教育评估全程的重要环节和因素提供技术规范,包括评估指标体系的正确性、独立性和实用性,评估信息采集与统计的可靠性、正确性,评估结果的实用性、信度和效度。它们相辅相成,形成一个高等教育评估质量标准体系,衡量高等教育评估质量的高低,并指导、规范着评估机构、评估人员的评估行为。高等教育评估质量保证的实施途径包括内部保证和外部保证。内部保证由评估机构、评估人员(内部人员)根据评估质量标准对评估全程,尤其是对评估全程中的关键环节和重要因素进行反思、审查、检验,如,评估指标体系的正确性、独立性、实用性如何,评估信息采集与统计的可靠性和正确性怎样,评估结果的实用性、信度、效度如何,以发现评估中的优缺点,及时改进,同时为评估用户提供评估质量证明。而外部保证,主要由政府及其建立的专门的外部保证机构实施。针对我国还没有建立这种专门机构的具体国情,特别探讨了美国、荷兰该类型机构及其经验与启示,以及我国高等教育评估质量保证中政府、高等教育评估机构、高校之间的博弈,提出应尽快建构我国特色的高等教育评估质量外部保证机构(具有行会性质的政府机构/官办行会)。该机构实施的外部保证活动,除了监督、审查评估全程以外,最主要是认可、监督高等教育评估机构和评估人员,以证明他们的评估活动及其运作的组织体系是否合格,证明他们是否具备基本的专业资质和能力,同时促使他们积极采取有效的措施,保证、提高评估质量。更多还原

【Abstract】 As a effectual system of promoting higher educational development healthily,as a important means of higher educational administration and higher educational quality assurance,higher educational evaluation is giving increasingly service to which evaluation users or stakeholders including of government, student, parents, employ units,common citizen,etc,make decision and choose behavior. If the quality of higher educational evaluation itself can’t be assured, the quality of users’decision-making and behavior-election and the quality of higher education based on evaluation, can’t be assured and be improved. Just as H. A. Simon, a famous expert at management, said,”rational decision-making is the conclusion deduced from two different preconditions that are value premise and fact premise.”Evaluation, the judgement of value based on the judgement of fact, is correlated to not only fact premise, but also value premise. Undoubtedly, that users’decision-making and behavior-election is proper or not is interrelated to that the quality of evaluation is high or low, good or bad.Meanwhile, in our country some relevant problems, including of the system of index, the information, the outcome, the organization and personnel of higher educational evaluation, have been emerging, resulting in the low quality of evaluation. What’s more, evaluation is facing the challenges from the interior factors of higher education, such as massification, industrialization, internationalization, along with from the exterior factors of surroundings, such as, government and public accountability, which ought to improve the quality of evaluation, and to provide some evidence or proof for users.Therefore, this dissertation take quality assurance in higher educational evaluation as the research object, making reflects and insights into our higher educational evaluation from metaevaluatiom visual angle, in order to establish a quality assurance system with Chinese characteristics, and to enhance persistently the quality of higher educational evaluation. This dissertation believes that, quality assurance in higher educational evaluation is designed and systematical actions which are to monitor and conduct the whole course of higher educational evaluation, and which are to recognize and censor the organization and personnel of evaluation, according to some definite standards, in order to improve and enhance persistently the quality of higher educational evaluation, and to provide its evidence or proof for users.The quality standards of higher educational evaluation are gist and yardstick actualizing quality assurance in higher educational evaluation. The standards are divided into three types. The Initial one is that the organization and personnel of higher educational evaluation is recognized, and having the most essentially special competence as well as qualification. The principled one, as the whole guide line, consists of the unity of reasonableness of purposes and rationales, merit and tool, emotion and rationality. The technical one, providing operational criterion for the central phases and factors of the whole course of higher educational evaluation, consists of accuracy, independence and utility of the system of evaluation index, reliability and accuracy of collecting and counting the evaluation information, as well as utility, credibility and validity of the evaluation outcome. These three Supplement each other, becoming quality standards system of higher educational evaluation, in order to weigh that quality of higher educational evaluation is high or low, and to guide and standardize the behavior of evaluation organization and personnel.Quality assurance in higher educational evaluation is divided into two parts. The one is interior assurance,the other is exterior assurance. The interior one is that evaluation organization and personnel (that is interior personnel), According to the quality standards of higher educational evaluation, censor and reflect the whole course of evaluation, especially the central phases and important factors of its, such as, what about accuracy, independence and utility of the system of evaluation index, what about reliability and accuracy of collecting and counting the evaluation information, as well as what about utility, credibility and validity of the evaluation outcome. By means of doing it, they discover weakness and strongpoint in evaluation, improve the evaluation, assure and enhance evaluation quality, along with proving evaluation quality, giving service to evaluation users’decision-making and behavior-election .On the other hand, the exterior one is that government and the special organization of exterior assurance constituted by government carry into execution. Considering the actual situation of our country that the special exterior assurance organization hasn’t been constituted, by probing into this kind of organization in USA and Holland, and their some helpful experience and enlightenment, by analyzing the fights between government and evaluation organization of higher education, evaluation organization of higher education and university in the Quality assurance in higher educational evaluation, this dissertation raise the issue that we should establish a exterior assurance organization of higher educational evaluation quality with Chinese characteristics as soon as possible. The actions of exterior assurance fulfilled by this organization, besides censoring and supervising the whole course of evaluation, is recognizing and monitoring the organization and personnel of higher evaluation which is most important. The aim to these actions is proving their evaluation and the system of their operating eligible or not, Along with spurring them to make effectual measure to assure and improve evaluation quality.更多还原