【作者】 刘巍；

【导师】 赵福麟；

【作者基本信息】 中国石油大学 ， 油气田开发工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 由于地层的非均质性,注入水对地层的冲刷造成的非均质性加重,注入水沿高渗透的大孔道突进,使注入水无法波及含油饱和度高的地层,降低了波及系数,最终导致采收率降低。目前我国大多数油田地层越采越深,条件也越来越苛刻,因此需要开发新型的油田堵水调剖化学剂。水溶性硅酸盐具有良好的可注性,配制方便,价格低廉以及环境友好等优点,同时也具有温度、pH值和矿化度等敏感、形成的凝胶强度低等问题。因此,充分利用油藏本身的物理化学等特点,将其劣势变成优势不失为一种好的方法,同时也为高温高盐等恶劣油藏的调剖堵水提供一种思路。本文研究了水溶性硅酸盐的基本性质(模数、粘度、密度和pH值)和特殊性质(热敏、盐敏、钙铁敏和pH敏等)以及流变性,对硅溶胶、硅酸盐沉淀、硅酸凝胶、硅酸微球、硅酸盐/尿素复合体系等各种应用形式进行了深入研究,制备了各种堵剂并提供了相应的各种堵剂的配方。应用物理模拟对硅溶胶、硅酸盐沉淀、硅酸凝胶、硅酸微球、硅酸盐/尿素复合体系以及高度固化体系等各种应用形式进行了封堵率、残余阻力系数以及提高采收率增值试验证实了各种应用形式具有良好的封堵效果和提高采收率的作用。正在可视化模型对硅酸盐沉淀封堵裂缝型油藏底水锥进进行了模拟,可视化试验表明由水玻璃和氯化钙形成的沉淀型堵剂对裂缝性油藏底水锥进有良好的抑制效果,能显著提高裂缝型油藏的采收率在理论研究和室内试验基础上,选择了一个试验区块开展了矿场试验,证实了硅酸盐沉淀可以用于高温高压低渗地层,取得了良好的降水增油效果,完善了硅酸盐沉淀堵水调剖配套技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 In serious heterogeneity reservoir, the high permeability zone often allows injected water to channel directly between injection wells and production wells. So other low permeable formation is not swept. It results in poor conformance efficiency and inferior recovery coefficient. At the same time, the production zones become more and more deep, the working conditions of water shut-off agents turn to be more and more harsh. For this reason, it is important to develop some new water shut-off agents suitable to harsh conditions. Since it is good injectivity, easy preparation, low cost and environment-friendly, soluble silicates become a kind of good choice. But soluble silicate water shut-off agents have much problems such as weak gel strength , short gelation time, etc. The objective of this paper is to research the basic properties （modulus, density, viscosity and pH value）, special properties （temperature-sensitivity, salt-sensitivity, Calcium and ferrum-sensitivity and pH sensitivity）, rheological property. Also, several kinds of application types such as silicic acid sol, precipitation, silicic acid gel, silicic acid microsphere, silicates/urea system are studied. By core tests, the plugging rate, residual resistance factors and oil recovery efficiency of all these application types is measured. The experimental results show that all have good plugging effects for harsh environments. To precipitation water shut-off agent prepared by water glass and calcium chloride, the visulazation experiments show that it surpresses the bottom-water fairly good and enhances oil production. According to theorical and experimental results, pilot tests put into practice on selected block. The pilot tests show that silicate precipitation can be used in high temperature （ at 108℃）, low permeability (57×10^-3μm²) formation and achived good effects on oil production increments and water cut reduction.更多还原