【作者】 刘万福；

【导师】 曾鸣；

【作者基本信息】 华北电力大学（北京） ， 技术经济及管理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 风力发电既能节约化石能源,产生显著的环境效益和社会效益,又具有电力社会公用事业的基本性质。因此,无论从常规能源的资源有限性,还是从环境与社会可持续发展的角度,我国都应该大力发展风力发电。但是,由于风资源、风电机组技术等因素的影响,尽管政府提供了一系列优惠政策,我国风电价格仍高于常规发电。在这种背景下,论文基于公共物品供应的理论,从多个角度进行了风电市场化运营战略研究,以提高风电的市场竞争力,促进风电的可持续发展。论文在Cournot和Bertrand两种不同的市场结构下,建立了一系列理论和相应的模型方法,以解决竞争性商业公司如何将支持公共事业作为其市场化运营战略的组成部分这个问题。这一研究为风力发电企业如何实现自身经济利益目标和社会效益目标的协调统一打下了一定的理论基础。也就是说,在电力市场条件下,风力发电企业的经营战略既要追求自身的经济利益,又要兼顾全社会效益。而实施社会营销有助于实现二者的协调统一,从而促进风电的市场化运营。论文概述了我国不同时期采用的风电定价机制,在分析风电成本构成的基础上,应用经营期平均电价法测算风电电价;对我国风电特许权项目的实施现状进行了分析,基于利用风电特许权项目在国内大型风电场的开发上引入竞争机制的目标,对我国风电特许权招标提出了一些改进建议。论文在前面的研究基础上进行了分析,认为要提高风电的市场竞争力,仅仅依靠政府的一系列优惠措施以及实施竞争性的风电定价机制,仍不足以彻底改善我国风电内部收益率低、缺乏投资吸引力、难以市场化运营的现状。论文研究提出了我国风力发电场的额外性论证方法与模型。并以某风电场通过CDM资金来提高风电场的经济性为算例,说明CDM资金可以提高风电场的经济效益,CDM机制对促进我国风电的市场化运营起到了积极作用。论文论述了风力分散发电与我国电力社会普遍服务的关系,研究了我国农村边远地区采用风力分散发电的技术可行性。在此基础上,分别建立了风力分散发电与大电网集中供电两种供电方式的供电成本测算模型,对比分析了风力分散发电的经济可行性。论文采用定性与定量相结合的方法,从多个角度研究了基于公共物品供应的风力发电市场化运营战略,以及提高风电经济性的措施。在我国未来的风电市场设计中,本文这些研究结果对于如何实现市场竞争效率目标与公用事业服务目标的相互协调,如何提高风电经济性、促进我国风电的可持续发展,具有很好的理论指导与现实应用参考价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 As one kind of renewable energy power generation, wind power generation can not only save the fossil energy and generate remarkable environment and social benefits, but also has the property of social public cause of the power industry. Therefore, our country should develop the wind power generation greatly, either in terms of energy resource finiteness or the sustainable development of environment and society. However, despite a series of preferential policy, the price of wind power is still higher than conventional energy generation, restricted by the factors such as wind resource and wind power unit technology. In such context, the paper studied the marketing operation strategy for wind power generation based on the theory of public goods supply, so as to enhance the market competitiveness of wind power and promote its sustainable development.In the market structure of Cournot and Bertrand, the paper established a series of theory and corresponding model and method, so as to solve the problem of how to make supporting public cause a component of the competitive commercial company’s operation strategy. Such study laid certain theoretical foundation for the coordination and integration of the economic benefit target and social effect object for the wind power generation enterprise. That is to say, in the power market, wind power generation enterprise should also pursue the entire social benefit along with its own economic benefit. And carrying out social marketing can help to realize the coordination of the two objects and facilitate its marketing operation.The paper summarized the pricing mechanism of wind power in different periods. On the basis of analyzing the cost constitution of wind power, the wind power price was computed with the method of average price during operation. The current situation of wind power concession project was analyzed, and according to the object of introducing competitive mechanism into the exploitation of large wind power in our country, some advice was given to the wind power concession bidding mechanism in our country. On basis of previous study, the paper thought that depending on a series of preferential policy of the government and implementing competitive price mechanism is not enough to improve its market competitiveness. The IRR of wind power generation is still low, and it’s short of investment attraction and hard to commercialize, and such situation can not be completely changed.The demonstration method and mathematical model for the additionality of our national wind power generation farm was promoted. With an example calculation of improving the economic efficiency of wind power fields through CDM funds, it is concluded that the CDM funds can improve the wind power fields’economic efficiency and boost its marketing operation in our country.The paper described the relation between distributed wind power generation and Chinese power social universal service. Based on researching the technical feasibility of conducting distributed wind generation in remote rural areas, the cost constitution of distributed wind generation and large grid concentrated power supply were both analyzed, and the cost calculation model of the two kinds of power supply style was established.The paper studied the marketing operation strategy for commercial wind power generation enterprises thoroughly on basis of public goods supply in different market mode, and researched the measures of improving the economic efficiency of wind power from different perspectives. The research results can provide some theoretical guide and practical reference for realizing the coordination of market competitiveness and public cause service in future wind power market design, which may improve the economic efficiency so as to facilitate the sustainable development of wind power farms in our country.更多还原