两汉语法专题研究

【作者】 魏兆惠；

【导师】 詹鄞鑫；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国语言文学， 2007， 博士后

【摘要】 西汉和东汉,共经历了400多年的历史,无论政治、经济还是文化上都发生了重大的变革。而从语言史,尤其是语法史如何给二者定位,历来有不同的意见。本文属断代语法专题研究,利用西汉和东汉的详尽的共时和后时语料,对词缀、否定句中代宾位置、动趋式、量词和被动式等语法专题进行细致的描写。在东汉时期,除了保留西汉和先秦时期少数形容词词缀“如”、“然”、“尔”等外,还有大量的新兴词缀,如副词词缀,形容训词缀和名词词缀。否定句的代宾在西汉时期还有大量的前置现象,而在东汉时期这种现象则基本消失。以“来”、“去”为代表的趋向补语在至少在东汉时期已经出现。而“为”和“遭受类”被动标记位于动词之前介引施事者或动词在东汉已经远远超过“於”位于动侧之后介引施事者。先秦没有出现的动量词在两汉时期已不少见。西汉时期,上述变化有些并不十分明显,有些只是处于萌芽状态,大多数实质性的变化发生在东汉时期。研究表明,汉语的类型从先秦到东汉发生了明显的变化,先秦汉语是综合性的语言而东汉以后,则是分析型的语言。西汉是这种重大转变的过渡时期。更多还原

【Abstract】 Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasty, experienced more than 400 years of history, whether political, economic or cultural, have all undergone major changes. From the history of languages, particularly the grammar of how to position them, there have always been different views. This is a dating grammar studies, the use of the Western Han and Eastern Han Dynasty, and detailed a total corpus later, Affix, negating sentence subtituting Object location and moving more passive, and so on -and grammar topic meticulous description. In the Eastern Han period, in addition to maintaining the pre-Qin and Western Han Dynasty period of a few adjectives Affix"然"、"尔" and "如" foreign countries, a lot of emerging Affix, such as the Affix adverb, adjective and Noun Affix Affix. Negative Sentences in Object, period of the Western Han Dynasty phenomenon of a large number of front, and in the Eastern Han Dynasty period of this phenomenon is basically disappeared. "来" and "去" complement the trend represented in the Eastern Han Dynasty period of at least has emerged. "To" and "Class of passive verbs in the prior-labeled primers Actorsor verbs in the Eastern Han Dynasty has gone far beyond "in the" after the verb primer Actorsor are referred. While these changes during the Eastern Han Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty period of less obvious or generally only in its infancy. Research shows that Chinese from the type of pre-Qin to the Eastern Han Dynasty has undergone an obvious change, the Pre-Qin Dynasty Chinese language is comprehensive and after the Eastern Han Dynasty, it is the type of language. This major shift in the Western Han Dynasty is the transitional period.更多还原