【作者】 左金龙；

【导师】 崔福义；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 市政工程， 2007， 博士

【摘要】 随着人类文明的进步,人口的增加,工农业的快速发展,水污染的问题越来越突出。一方面饮用水水源水质日益恶化,另一方面,用户对饮用水出厂水质提出了更加严格的要求。对于供水企业来说,普遍面临原水水质恶化和出厂水水质标准提高的双重压力。现有饮用水常规处理工艺存在安全隐患,急需技术升级。而目前饮用水处理技术的研究工作大多是独立的、分散的,缺乏有机联系,限制了技术优势耦合,无法满足技术应用的需求。因此进行饮用水处理技术现状评价及技术集成研究十分必要,从总体的层次上,对饮用水处理技术进行系统归类和总结,具有重要的理论意义和研究价值。本文采用文献研究的方式进行饮用水处理技术现状评价及技术集成,总结饮用水处理技术的单元技术、组合工艺,从宏观和总体上把握饮用水技术发展的脉络。从饮用水中典型污染物研究着手,通过对典型污染物的污染现状评价和去除技术分析,针对地表水4种典型水质,提出若干种典型污染物有效去除工艺,形成地表水处理技术集成体系,构建饮用水处理技术集成数据库,为饮用水处理技术搭建一个交流与共享的平台,主要工作和研究成果如下:根据污染物质的属性不同,将饮用水中的污染物质分类为有机污染物、无机污染物和放射性污染物、生物污染物和生产过程副产物。针对每一类污染物,选择其中的若干种具有代表性的、典型性的污染物进行研究。典型污染物的选择原则为:在水源水中普遍或较普遍存在,对水质安全影响较大的污染物。确定了以文献研究的方式进行饮用水技术集成的研究方法。文献的调查时间范围为1994年至今,共查阅中外文文献一次文献13250篇,二次文献4650篇;国外学位论文102篇;国际机构官方网站文件46个;手册和书籍128册。提出了饮用水处理技术数据库的总体结构和编目格式,确定了饮用水技术集成的原则和技术路线。对典型有机污染物的污染现状进行评价和去除技术进行分析。给出了各种典型有机污染物的单元处理技术。典型有机污染物的浓度低、危害大,其去除技术主要采用活性炭或臭氧活性炭技术为主的深度处理工艺,目前水厂内微量POPs去除技术研究较少。对其它典型污染物的污染现状进行评价,并对去除技术进行分析。给出了各种典型无机污染物、典型生物污染物以及生产过程副产物的单元处理技术。典型无机污染物处理工艺较为复杂,重金属污染需要采取化学沉淀或吸附措施;饮用水中的硫化物可采用化学预氧化与常规工艺联用去除效果较好。对于典型生物污染物主要采用化学预氧化与常规工艺联用,预氧化药剂以二氧化氯和臭氧效果较好,采用膜技术可完全保证对典型生物污染物的去除效果。采用强化混凝去除DBPs前体物是最佳可行技术(BAT),建立DBPs生成预测模型并加以实用化是今后研究的重点。铝盐作混凝剂是饮用水中铝含量增加的主要原因,混凝沉淀过程对除铝有着重要作用。丙烯酰胺来源于给水处理过程中投加的PAM中残留的单体,控制丙烯酰胺的污染主要是控制PAM中单体的浓度,或改用其他高分子絮凝剂。对地表水典型水质进行分析和分类,提出微污染水、富营养化湖泊水库水、低温低浊水、病原生物污染水4种典型水质。针对地表水中微污染水、富营养化水库水、低温低浊水、病原生物污染水等4种典型水质中典型污染物,提出若干种有效的处理工艺流程,分析了各种污染物的去除效果。在上述研究的基础上,提出强化常规集成技术、全流程集成技术、膜技术集成技术,给出各种集成技术的适用条件,形成地表水技术集成体系。饮用水处理技术集成研究,对于解决目前面临的水质问题,具有一定的参考和借鉴意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the progress of human civilization and population increase as well as industry and agriculture rapid development, the problem of water pollution has become more serious. On one hand, the raw water quality is increasingly deteriorating. On the other hand, the more strict request for effluent drinking water has been presented. It is common for water supply company to face the double pressure of raw water quality worse and water quality standards improved. It is necessary for the conventional process to upgrade technology due to its safety deficiency. Nowdays most of the research on drinking water treatment are unattached and dispersive. Then such research has no relation to a unit, restrict technology advantages combination and cannot satisfy technology application. Consequently it is essential to study on actuality evaluation and technology integration research for drinking water treatment technology. It has important theory significance and research value to classify and summarize for drinking water treatment process as a whole.The study on actuality evaluation for drinking water treatment technology and technology integration was performed by reference research in this dissertation. Further the unit technology and combination process for drinking water treatment technology was summarized. Then the development skeleton of drinking water treatment technology was held as a whole. Commencing with the pollution actuality evaluation and removal technology analysis for representative pollutants, some kinds of effective removal process for representative pollutants of four representative water quality was performed, then the technology integration system of surface water was made. Thus the database of treatment technology for drinking water was established to set up a plateform of intercommunication and share. The main work and results of this dissertation were shown as below:According to different property of pollutants, the pollutants in drinking water can be classsfied into organic pollutants, inorganic and radioactivity pollutants, biologic pollutants and the by-products during production process. Aimed to each kind of the pollutants, some representative and typical pollutants was selected to research. The choice principle for representative pollutants is such pollutants present or usually present as well as impact strongly on drinking water safety. The technology integration for drinking water was performed by reference research in this paper. The investigation time range of reference is from 1994 to 2006. The Chinese and English reference was consulted as follow: first reference is 13250, second reference is 4650, foreign degree paper is 102, international institution official web document is 46, manual and book is 128. Further the whole framework and catalogue formate was put up. Then the principle and technology skeleton of drinking water treatment technology integration was held.After the pollution actuality evaluated and removal technology analyzed for representative organic pollutants, the unit treatment technology was presented for those pollutants. Although the concentration of representative organic pollutants in water is very low, but it can do harm to human health. And the removal technology for representative organic pollutants is taken by advanced process, that is activated carbon or ozone activated carbon process. Now research on removal technology for minim POPs in water works is less than other organic pollutants.The pollution actuality evaluated and removal technology analyzed for other pollutants such as the representative inorganic pollutants, biologic pollutants and the by-products during production process. Then the unit treatment technology was presented for those pollutants. The treatment process is intricate for representative inorganic pollutants. The chemical precipitation or adsorption can be adopted to remove heavy metal pollutants. The sulphide removal technology in drinking water can be adopted by preoxidation combined with conventional process. The conventional process combined the preoxidation will be widely used to attain good removal efficiengy for representative biologic pollutants. The chlorine dioxide and ozone is the best preoxidation reagent and the membrane technology can be thoroughly removed representative biologic pollutants from water. The best available technology (BAT) to remove the formation potential of DBPs is enhanced coagulation. It is important to establish the predictive model for DBPs and to practise in the future. Aluminium coagulant is the main source for the increasing concentration of aluminium in water. The coagulation and sedimentation process have an important effect on residual aluminium. Acrylamide in drinking water comes from the residual single monocase in polyacrylamide when add coagulant in water treatment process. Nowadays such pollution must be controlled by means of decrease the single monocase concertration or introduce another polycoagulant.The typical water quality of surface water was analysed and classified, moreover four kinds of typical water quality of surface water, that is micropollution water, eutrophic raw water of lake and reservoir, low temperature and low turbidity water, pathogeny biology contaminated water was performed. Aimed to four kinds of typical water quality of surface water, some kinds of effective treatment process was put forward. Based on above research, the surface intergration technology was composed of three modules such as enhanced conventional process intergration technology, full process intergration technology, membrane technology intergration technology. Furthermore the surface water technology integration system was established and the application condition was proposed. It is referenced and consultive of technology integration research for drinking water treatment to solve the water quality problem that we are facing now.更多还原