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水杨醛衍生物缩丙二胺Schiff碱金属配合物的合成、表征和性质研究

The Syntheses, Characterization and Property of Schiff Base Metal Complexes Constructed Through Derivatives of Salicylal and 1, 3-Proplenediamine

【作者】 王占良

【导师】 王荣顺;

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 , 无机化学, 2008, 博士

【摘要】 金属配合物是当今化学研究的一个非常重要和非常活跃的领域之一。近年来,Schiff碱类配合物的研究倍受关注。Schiff碱及其配合物在生物、催化、材料等领域具有广泛的应用,是当前配位化学研究的热点。合成新的Schiff碱配体及其配合物,研究它们的性质及应用,对配位化学的发展有重要意义。在各类Schiff碱配合物中,多齿水杨醛衍生物Schiff碱配合物具有较好的发光、抗菌、抗氧、载氧及催化等性能,因此这些配合物在人们的生活、生产方面具有潜在的应用性。目前,已见报道的水杨醛衍生物的Schiff碱配合物都是对芳环进行修饰,而利用非多胺与水杨醛衍生物合成六齿Schiff配体及其Schiff碱配合物的研究几乎是空白。本论文在该领域开展了部分研究工作,通过对水杨醛芳环羟基修饰,合成出芳氧乙酸,再与丙二胺生成柔性双Schiff碱配体,最后在水溶液中,新型配体与金属盐进行组装,获得了系列六配位水杨醛衍生物的Schiff碱配合物: [ZnL1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (1) [Cu(II)L1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (2) [Cu(II)ClL2]·3H2O (3) [Co(II)L1]·7H2O (4) [NiL1]·2.5H2O (5) [NiL1]·2.75H2O (6)在第一章中,比较全面的介绍了Schiff碱金属配合物的基本概念和发展过程,以及Schiff碱配体的最新研究进展。对Schiff碱金属配合物的分类、合成方法和性质进行了总结和归纳。最后,指明了本课题的选题意义,概括了本研究工作所取得的成果。在第二章中,介绍了完成该论文过程中用到的试剂,晶体培养方法,测定化合物用到的仪器及解析结构的过程。在第三章中,合成了新型N,N′-二(邻氧乙酸)苄叉丙二胺Schiff碱配体(H2L1),利用该Schiff碱配体,采用直接法或间接法都能合成出配合物[ZnL1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (1)的晶体,结构研究表明,锌原子为六配位[ZnN2O4],构成以锌原子为中心的扭曲三棱柱体结构。在该结构中具有2个五元环和3个六元环。堆积图显示其为三维超分子体系。此外,该配合物具有较强的荧光发射性质,因此,该化合物是很好的荧光发射侯选材料。在第四章中,通过在水杨醛芳环羟基上引入羧基,得到水杨醛衍生物[2-(2-甲酰基)苯氧乙酸]。水杨醛衍生物与丙二胺缩合,在不同的pH条件下与Cu(II)配位。用分步合成法获得六配位的水杨醛衍生物缩丙二胺Schiff碱Cu(II)配合物[Cu(II)L1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (2)和水杨醛衍生物缩丙二胺Schiff碱Cu(II)配合物[Cu(II)ClL2]·3H2O (3),这两种配合物均未见报道。通过元素分析、红外光谱和核磁共振谱等测试手段对配体(H2L1)及配合物(2)和(3)进行了表征,并用X-射线单晶衍射测得了Cu(II)配合物的晶体结构。配合物(2)是双Schiff碱合Cu(II)配合物,而配合物(3)是单Schiff碱合Cu(II)配合物。在合成该Schiff碱Cu(II)配合物时,溶液碱性不能太强,否则,容易使双Schiff碱配体与氯化铜反应时,C=N键断裂,生成单Schiff碱合Cu(II)配合物。X射线晶体学研究表明,配合物(2)是以Cu(II)为中心扭曲的八面体构型,配合物(3)是以Cu(II)为中心的扭曲平面结构。配体H2L1对格兰氏阴性(大肠杆菌G-)和阳性菌(枯草杆菌G+)抑制效果很低,配合物(2)和(3)均有一定的抑菌效果,并且对格兰氏阳性菌抑制作用优于格兰氏阴性菌的抑制作用,抑菌活性顺序为:配合物(3)>配合物(2)>配体H2L1。在第五章中,利用H2L1配体,采用分步合成方法合成了新型的Schiff碱钴(II)配合物[Co(II)L1]·7H2O (4),这个配合物未见报道。通过元素分析、红外光谱和X-射线单晶衍射等测试手段对配合物(4)进行了表征。结果表明,配合物(4)晶体结构单元中有1个独立分子和7个水分子,配合物(4)是以Co(II)为中心扭曲的三方棱柱构型晶格堆积,目前这种三方棱柱构型的晶体报道并不多。配合物(4)主要通过氢键相互作用形成三维超分子结构。性质研究表明配合物(4)具有很好的的载氧作用。在第六章中,分别利用H2L1配体的水溶液和乙醇溶液与氯化镍的水溶液在回流条件下得到结构不同的配合物[NiL1]·2.5H2O (5)和[NiL1]·2.75H2O (6)。在配合物(5)中含有一个配位的Schiff碱配体,一个中心镍原子和两个半自由水分子。中心的镍原子表现出扭曲的八面体的配位立体,该八面体立体由来自于Schiff碱配体的四个氧原子和两个氮原子完成。值得注意的是配合物(6)与配合物(5)具有相似的结构。然而这两个配合物具有截然不同的结晶水分子和晶胞参数。在该配合物中含有一个配位的Schiff碱配体,一个中心镍原子和2.75个自由水分子,中心的镍原子也表现出扭曲的八面体的配位立体,该八面体立体由来自于Schiff碱配体的四个氧原子和两个氮原子完成。通过该研究工作得到的主要结论如下:1.Schiff碱配体的结构、溶剂、温度和金属离子种类等因素对Schiff碱配合物合成均有影响。溶剂的选择、温度及溶液酸碱度的控制是合成Schiff碱金属配合物的关键。溶剂一般选用对醛类、胺类都溶解比较好的极性溶剂,由于C=N键在高温下容易断裂,反应温度不能太高,pH值控制在7-8最佳。2.由于氯化铜(II)溶液易水解,使溶液呈一定的碱性,C=N键容易发生断裂,所以在合成双Schiff碱铜(II)配合物时,溶液应该严格地控制在中性。3.配合物的性质和应用范围取决于配体和金属离子的性质,金属离子的电子构型对配合物的性能有重要影响,例如:具有光学活性的锌离子对其Schiff碱配合物的光学活性有重要影响。4.本文对部分配合物的抑菌活性进行了初步探讨。采用扩散法,检测样品的抗菌能力,抑制细菌生长的无菌圆环就是抑菌圈,用抑菌圈大小来表征抗菌性能,抑菌圈越大,抗菌性能越好。5.测试了Schiff碱钴配合物的吸氧性能。Schiff碱配合物可以以两种不同的形式存在,一种是活性型,在室温下能迅速吸收氧气;另一种是非活性型,在室温下稳定,不吸收氧气。通过吸氧实验证明,Schiff碱钴配合物是活性型,具有较好的载氧作用。

【Abstract】 Metal coordination complex is an important and attractive research field of chemistry. Recently, Sehiff base complexes have attracted increasing interests of chemists. Schiff base and its complexes are widely used in the fields of analytical chemistry, biology, metal corroded, and luminescent material. Thus syntheses of new Schiff base ligands are very important for the Schiff base complexes. Study on their properties and application are of special significance to the development of coordination chemistry. So far, studies on salicylaldehyde derivatives are mainly focused on the modification of their aromatic rings. However, new Schiff base ligands based on diamine and salicylaldehyde derivatives are rarely observed. The aim of this work is to design and synthesize new Schiff base ligands based on diamine and salicylaldehyde derivatives. Then six new Schiff base complexes: [ZnL1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (1), [Cu(II)L1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (2), [Cu(II)ClL2]·3H2O (3), [Co(II)L1]·7H2O (4), [NiL1]·2.5H2O (5) and [NiL1]·2.75H2O (6), were obtained through assembly of the new Schiff base ligands and metal ions.In the first chapter, the concepts of Schiff, the histories and new developments of Schiff complexes are concisely introduced. At the end of this chapter, we pointed out the importance of the search project and summarized the important results obtained in the thesis.In the second chapter, we introduced the solvents used in this work. The preparation and data collection of crystals were also introduced.In the third chapter, a new Schiff ligand N,N’-(bis(2-phenoxyacete)formylidene) propane-1,3-diamine (H2L1) and its complex [ZnL1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (1) were synthesized. In complex (1), the coordination environment around the Zn(II) center is a distorted octahedron built from two phenoxo oxygen atoms, two carboxylate oxygen atoms and two imine nitrogen atoms.In the fourth chapter, the complex [Cu(II)L1]·H2O·0.25EtOH (2) was synthesized by the reactions of the H2L1 and Cu(II) dichloride in the solvents of water and ethanol, and [Cu(II)ClL2]·3H2O (3) [L2 = N-(o-oxy-acetate) benzyl-propylene- diamine] was prepared by HL1 and Cu(II) dichloride in the solvents of water and ethanol (pH =89). The two compounds were characterized by elemental analysis,1H NMR, FTIR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. There are one molecule (hostmolecule), one water molecule (guestmolecule) and quarter ethanol molecule in one asymmetric unit of complex 2, the Cu(II) atom exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry. There are one molecule (hostmolecule) and three water molecules in each unit of complex (3), the Cu(II) atom exhibits a distorted octahedral geometry. The complexes (2) and (3) exhibit good antibacterial properties, while the antibacterial properties decrease in the order: complex (3) > complex (2) > H2L1.In the fifth chapter, a new compound [Co(II)L1]·7H2O (4) was synthesized through the reaction of H2L1 with CoCl2·2H2O, where the central Co(II) center is six-coordinated by two phenoxo oxygen atoms, two carboxylate oxygen atoms, and two imine nitrogen atoms in a distorted octahedron. Finally, the H-bonding interactions between the water molecules and the carboxylate oxygen atoms stablize the structure of the title compound.In the sixth chapter, a new complex [NiL1]·2.5H2O (5) was synthesized through the reaction of H2L1 in CH3CH2OH and Ni(II) dichloride. However, the new complex [NiL1]·2.75H2O (6) was synthesized by the reactions of the H2L1 and Ni(II) dichloride in water.The main conclusions are listed below through this work:1. The structure of Schiff base ligand, solvent, temperature and the types of metal ions have important effect on the complex structure. Among them mentioned above, the solvent, temperature and pH values are key factors during the formation of Schiff base complex.2. Because copper chloride (II) eassily hydrolysises in a certain alkaline solution with fracture of C = N bond, the solution should be strictly controlled in neutral during the syntheses of Schiff base copper (II) complex.3. The nature and scope of application of complexes mainly depend on ligand and the nature of metal ions. Metal ion electronic configuration also has an important impact on performance, such as: optical activity of zinc ions has important effects on optical activity of its Schiff base complexes.4. In this paper, antibacterial activity of some complexes has been discussed. Using diffusion method, the sample of bacteria-inhibiting bacterial growth inhibition zone sterile ring is used to describe the size of antibacterial circle antibacterial properties. The greater the inhibition zone, the anti-bacterial property is the better.5. The oxygen performance of the Schiff base cobalt complexes was tested. Schiff base complexes can be divided into two different forms: one is active type for oxygen (at room temperature they can quickly absorb oxygen); another is of non-activity type (they are stability at room temperature and do not absorb oxygen). Through oxygen experiment proved that Schiff base cobalt complexes is activity-based with a better role in oxygen absorption.

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