【作者】 黄瓒；

【导师】 丁钢；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 教育文化与社会， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 本文力图在田野调查的基础上对浙南一个小镇的教育变迁进行深度描述。“我”在论述的过程中力图不带任何理论假设与价值判断,以“第三者”的身份深入小镇社会内部进行现场调查,对该小镇的教育发展轨迹进行探索,试图描绘出小镇教育场域中发生的一系列悲欢离合故事的情节剧本,并在其故事的背后提炼出中国城镇化一些具有普遍与个性化的意义。论文在论述小镇教育发展概貌与变迁过程的时候,发掘出了以下几点:第一,浙南小镇的前身只是一个名不见经传的小渔村,这个小渔村在历史上有着自己独特的地理、气候和人文环境。生活在小渔村的当地人在这个具有浓厚地域色彩的环境中形成自己独特的文化个性和生活方式,这种独特的文化个性和生活方式又强烈地左右着他们对教育的观念、态度和选择,并决定着当地教育的发展模式。第二,浙南小镇建立初期,那些从事教育工作的教师、校长以及行政官员和普通百姓对教育有着各自不同的看法,这些看法的背后有着历史的影子。在极端短缺的教育资源面前,小镇的人们从各自立场出发,相互争夺教育资源,在争夺资源的过程中相互博弈并激发出创造的火花。教育资源的紧张又不断影响当地人的生活状态,促使其转变教育观念,改变其选择教育的方式。在漫长的历史变迁中,小镇社会曾经存在一些极具特色的办学行为,办学者在办学过程中遇到许多具有地方特点的问题并采取一系列具有地方色彩的策略。在解决这些问题的过程中,这些办学者进行了一系列的互动以解决教育资源的紧缺;在解决这些问题的过程中,当地的风俗、文化、生活方式等影响了当地人应对教育资源紧张所做出的选择和策略。第三,当地一个具有办学世家背景的商人面对教育资源紧张的局面采取了具有地方特色的应对行动。商人在办学过程中由于受到种种地域文化、习俗以及体制的影响,他面临着一系列的困难。在巧妙地运用一些适应当地人文化心理的策略之后,这些困难迎刃而解。由于资源的供求严重失调,学校的创办打开了一扇赢利之门,其丰厚的利润引发当地的办学热潮,办学竞争也越来越激烈,这种激烈的竞争又迫使学校寻求与政府的合作。政府所派的公办教师带来了完全不同的观念和社会心理。私营体制与公办体制之间的矛盾在一桩教师分流案中被激化了,这种矛盾的激化导致学校的公办教师强烈要求清除学校的私营力量,由此又产生了的一系列冲突与矛盾。最后,在政府的强力干预下,私营股份被清除出去,学校的性质又转变为国有性质。在这个具有戏剧性的转变过程中,牵扯到的事件相关人都站在各自的文化立场上提出自己的看法,其背后的动因与小镇所处的文化环境不无关系。第四,浙南小镇人口与教育资源之间持续紧张的关系深刻地投射到了个人与家庭的命运之中。以一个家庭为例,家长为了将既有的政治与地位优势传递下去,必须占据教育资源的制高点。本地资源的不足令家长转而寻求异地教育资源。在追求优质教育资源的过程中,家长采取了一系列文化策略,其中关系网络的建立最为重要,而关系网络的建立则必须诉诸于“人情”。在这样的场域中,教育已经不再是单纯意义上的教育了,其中还纠缠着一系列具有地方色彩的各种因素。人们为了追求自己的教育理想千方百计与体制、资源进行博弈。在博弈的过程中,这些人又根据现实的需要改变自身的观念,在这背后又凸显出当地深刻的社会、经济与文化动因。本文从社会学、人类学、历史学、叙事学、教育学的角度深度考察这个小镇从原始阶段到目前阶段的教育发展状况。这或许也是中国每一个小镇(村庄)在城镇化进程中必然会经历的过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the field survey, this article tries to make an in-depth description of the educational development of a small town located in south Zhejiang province. As a " third person" which means without any theoretical hypothesis or value judgment, I will make an on-the-spot investigation in the small town, explore the educational transformation and describe the stories so as to reveal the universal and special significance of the urbanization of China.Some conclusions can be made by discussing the general situation of the educational development and the changes of the town.Firstly, this small town is a unknown fishing village before. Historically, It has unique geography, climate and humanitarian environment. People’s cultural individualities and live style formed here in return decide their sense, their attitude and their choices toward education, as well as the developing model of the local education.Secondly, in the early days of this small town, different views toward education exist among teachers, headmasters, officials and ordinary persons. In front of the extreme shortage of educational resources, people contend with each other, and creative inspiration is stimulated in this conflicted and balanced process. Besides, the lack of educational resources continuously influences the way of living, and promote the local people to change their views of education as well as their ways concerning choosing education. In the long period of historical transformation, there have been some school-running cases with strong characteristics. The runners of the school adopt series of strategies with local features to resolve many problems with local characteristics. It is just in this process that they overcome the difficulties through interaction, and also in this process, local customs, culture and living style influence people’s choice and measures dealing with the shortage of education resources.Thirdly, a local merchant from a family background of school running take some measures with local characteristics to deal with the shortage of education resources. He encounters many problems in running the school because of the influence from local culture, customs and systems, and he resolves these problems by adopting some strategies adapting to the cultural psychology. The serious unbalance of the supply and demand of the resources results in a prosperity of the school running, the huge benefits rise a great upsurge in school, and the competition is becoming increasingly furious which in return forces the school to seek a cooperation between school and government. Teachers sent by the government bring in completely different views and social mentality. Contradiction between the state owned system and private owned system is intensified in a case of rearranging teachers. And this intensification make the teachers from the state owned schools strongly require to eliminate the private forces in the school running, thus series of conflicts and contradictions appear. Lastly, in the condition of the government’s strong intervention, private shares are cleared away, the school becomes state owned again. During this dramatic change, relative people project their opinions from respective cultural stance, the reasons behind is corresponding to the cultural environment of the town. Fourthly, the lasting nervous relations between the population and education resources in the small town of south Zhejiang province profoundly projects to the fates of individuals and families. Take a family for example, parents must occupy the commanding point of the education resources in order to pass on the existed advantages in the field of politic and economy. The local shortage of education resources forces them to turn to the other regions. They chose some cultural strategies in the process of seeking high quality education resources, among which the establishment of relation nets based on the "friendship" is the most important one. And in this field, education is not only education, but with various elements of local characteristics. People strive for their ideal educations and do all that they can do to game with the systems and resources, at the same time, they change their point of views according to their own need. And behind all these phenomenon, we can see the causes rooted in the local society, economy and culture.From the aspects of sociology, anthology, history, narratology and education, this article want to examine the educational development of this small town from the primitive period to now. And perhaps every little towns or villages in china will be destined to experience this course during their urbanizations.更多还原