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用户驱动的GIS服务与聚合技术及软件开发研究

User Driven GIS Service Mashup Technology and Software Development

【作者】 冯翔

【导师】 张超;

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 , 人文地理学, 2008, 博士

【摘要】 当前新形势下,GIS开发和应用面临三大社会需求:新的GIS用户化需求;软件开发商、开发者的技术需求;GIS资源和功能的共享需求。而制约GIS满足上述需求的三个问题是:GIS开发的敏捷性问题;GIS应用扩展性问题;GIS的应用可持续性问题。回顾几十年的历程,我国在GIS研究领域取得了长足的发展,GIS基础软件技术支持得到了全面加强;GIS的应用领域不断拓展,市场飞速增长。中国GIS的发展和取得的成就对国内众多领域的发展及有效管理都有很大贡献。而随着实践的深入,上述制约GIS满足需求的三个问题逐渐被发现,它们的产生有其客观性和必然性,其根源在于:第一、传统的GIS直用与开发是静态、封闭的。静态是指软件开发一次成型,自交付之后基本固定,不易修改、扩展和应变;封闭是指开发过程没有将软件功能的共享和复用作为实施因素考虑,从而造成资源和应用的共享困难。这种传统的解决方案存在的技术上、工程上的弱点,不能够满足快速应用开发需求。第二、传统的GIS开发方法基本上都是基于某种通用GIS用户化二次开发包来引导GIS技术工程人员进行领域GIS的应用开发。这些开发有一个共同的特点:基于代码的开发。基于代码的软件开发有其固有的弱点和不足:效率低、易出错、难维护。上述问题影响着GIS应用的广度和深度以及便利性。因此有必要在新的多变的需求情况下,采用新思想、新思路和新技术重新审视GIS软件开发和应用模式,研究新的方法和手段来解决问题和满足需求。软件复用以及聚合是解决上述问题切实可行的方法。近年来,随着GIS共享规范的发展、SOA和Enterprise2.0的发展、网络应用平台的发展,软件复用和聚合技术以及理念都有了新的突破。用户驱动的GIS服务与聚合正是在这样的背景下提出来的。用户驱动的GIS服务聚合吸收SOA/SCA和Web应用中的聚合的思想,将GIS开发分解为各种GIS模型、算法、应用的服务构件开发和按照各领域需求将服务以各种满足需求的方式在客户端聚合平台上以微件的形式进行聚合,从而快速形成新的特定应用。这样的GIS开发和管理使得其较传统的GIS开发具有如下优点:第一、关注分离。聚合人员是普通用户、业务流程领域专家等;算法、服务构件以及微件实现者是技术人员;第二、可扩展性。当一个新的应用需求产生时,首先检查构件库和微件库,如果库中具备构成新应用的服务,那么就通过聚合这些服务来生成新的应用;如果缺少某些服务,就组织开发。由于服务是按照合理的粒度以互不依赖的方式被开发,再由领域专家来组装,因此这样的开发方式能够使得原有IT资产不断重用和扩展;第三、业务敏捷性。构件遵循SCA标准,在SOA指导下开发,能够被轻松便捷的使用,同时也能够被不同的实现版本替换。由于应用是在可复用微件和构件的基础上开发,这样的开发天然的具备快速的特性;第四、资源和应用的聚合。系统能够对多源、异构的功能和资源进行聚合。从而将部分数据资源的共享提升到应用的共享的层次,从而通过应用的权限控制来解决一些数据保密问题。为此,本文深入研究了用户驱动的GIS服务与聚合相关理论技术、通用支撑体系结构和实现技术。论文主要研究内容包括如下几个方面:一、研究当前GIS发展的现状、IT最新技术;分析GIS应用的各种模式,明确GIS发展朝着以服务为基本单位向各种场合渗透,并且最后GIS以服务的形式彻底融入社会生产、人们生活之中,消失于无形之中而又随手可得。二、分析传统的开发方法,研究SOA、SCA以及web聚合技术,并在此基础之上提出用户驱动的GIS服务与聚合的概念和开发方法。以聚合的思想为指导,以SOA/SCA为基础,把GIS的开发分为构件/微件开发和组装开发两个层次。从而产生更高效的开发、更高层次的复用和更广泛的应用。三、设计用户驱动的GIS服务聚合的一般体系结构。提出终端呈现层、业务服务层、GIS应用构件服务层、能力层、整合层以及持久层六个层次。这样的分层提高应用开发的可扩展性、易维护性,并形成了一条开放式的GIS应用开发价值链。该链条层次分明,入门门槛自上到下逐渐提高。四、对用户驱动的GIS服务与聚合的关键技术环节进行研究。研发基于浏览器的富客户端聚合平台。聚合平台包括微件开发框架和微件聚合框架。聚合平台是将各种应用和资源需求快速开发成微件,然后由用户自定义的聚合在一起,从而获得随需应变的情景应用程序。五、研究基于Tuscany和主流GIS平台软件的GIS业务构件开发技术。对GIS构件开发的一般过程进行详细的研究。六、研究与用户驱动的GIS服务聚合相适应的GIS应用开发工程和管理方法。设计APO管理模式,并对其进行调研分析。其中A(Ability)表示的是实施人员的技术能力;P(Performance)代表绩效,代表该实施人员完成某项任务所获得的绩效评分;O(Obtain)代表获取某项任务。通过员工自我意愿、公司激励和宏观调控相结合的手段最大限度的提高团队工作能力和效率。

【Abstract】 At present in the new situation, GIS is faced with three demands: the new demand about customization, the demand from software providers and developers, and the demand of sharing resources and functions. Whereas, there are three issues to make it difficult to address the above demands: business agility of GIS development; expansibility of GIS development and continuity of GIS software.Reviewing the past few decades, China has made great improvements in the field of GIS, technical supports for developing fundamental GIS software has been tremendously strengthened, GIS application domains have become wider, and the market has grown rapidly. Achievements gained during the development of GIS in China has made great tributary for the prosperity of various kinds of other fields As the practice goes further and further, problems mentioned above and exposed in the course of developing and applying of GIS has been gradually perceived. Their emergence is objective and inevitable due to:First, the traditional GIS solution is static and capsulate. comes with technical shortcuts and weakness, and can’t fulfill the various changing development needs. Static means application is developed in mode of building only once, using only once, and could never be fixed easily, be expanded easily, and be changed easily; Capsulate means System design processing always does not consider the ability of sharing and reusing as the main facts when design and develop a GIS application, and this makes it difficult to share and reuse resources and function between domains.Second, traditional GIS development methods are essentially based on some types of common GIS customization SDK. All this methods have one common characteristic: They are developed with direct coding, which has native shutouts of inefficiency、easily going wrong and maintain difficulties .The above three issues influence the GIS applications to be more public and convenient; therefore it is necessarily to get a new method and means with new ideology, new thoughts and new technology to address the demands. Software reusing and mashup technology are the main ways to enhance the software productivity. These years, with the evolution of GIS sharing standard, SOA technology, Enterprise 2.0 and Web platform, software reusing and mashup got new breakthrough. The topic of this dissertation: User driven GIS service and mashup technology comes under this background. It absorbs the ideology of SOA /SCA and mashup of Web application, and makes GIS application development into component and widget development procedure and the mashup procedure, and accelerating the new co-ho applicants development. To summarize there are four advantages come with this method:First, the concern of separation. The people doing with Mashup can be public users and business experts, and doing with algorithm and service components can be technical staff.Second, scalability. When a new application needs come to arise, firstly check the components repository and widget repository, if there are components and widgets already for this new application, reuse them with mashup technology, otherwise make some new ones. With suitable components graining size, it makes IT assets reusable and scalable.Third, the business agility. Follow the SCA standard, under the guide of SOA, components can be accessed and replaced easily and conveniently. It natively gets the characterize of agility with the reusable widget and components.Fourth, the mashup of Resource and application, which provides a new environment that supports mashup with multi-resource and isomerous functions.So, this paper makes an in-depth research of user driven GIS service and mashup theory and technology with common architecture and realization technology. The dissertation mainly focuses on the following issues:1) Do research with the present situation of GIS and IT; analyze the applying mode of GIS, make sure that GIS is on the way of infiltrating into the society production and people’s lives and every place in the form of service.2) Analyze the traditional method, study the technology of SOA, SCA and Web mashup, propose the concept and develop method of user driven GIS service and mashup technology. Under the guide of mashup ideology, and based on SOA/SCA, make the GIS development into two parts: service component, or widget development part and mashup procedure part.3) Design the generic architecture of GIS service mashup. Propose the six layers including the end user presentation layer; business service layer; GIS service component layer; enabler layer; integration layer and persistent layer. These layers bring the expansibility, easy maintain to GIS application development, and also set an open GIS development value chain. This chain gets clearly and harder levels from the bottom to the top. 4) Research the key technology of user driven GIS service and mashup. Research and develop an internet browser-based mashup client platform, which contains widget development framework and widget mashup framework. With this platform, developers and users both can join various resources and function work together, and make situation-applications more easily and quickly.5) Based on Apache Tuscany and common GIS platform software, research a GIS component development technology. Research the detailed development method of GIS component.6) Propose a set of GIS development engineering and management method. Deign the APO (Ability, Performance, Obtain management method), and perform an investigation of this method. A (Ability) presents the ability of every team member; P (Performance) is every team member’s performance getting from his own work. And O (Obtain) presents members’ wants to do some task. With the member’s inclination, company’s encouragement and macroscopic regulation to mostly enhance the team’s effectively.7) Lastly, practices in several scenarios with the user driven GIS service and mashup technology.

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