【作者】 邬剑明；

【导师】 许并社；

【作者基本信息】 太原理工大学 ， 材料加工工程， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 煤炭自燃是威胁煤矿安全生产的重大灾害之一,严重地威胁着人民的生命财产安全,阻碍了煤炭工业的可持续发展,影响社会稳定。煤层自燃防治的关键技术是自燃火灾的早期预测预报、火源位置的精确探测和火区信息检测,其主要解决3个问题,即:何时发生自燃（when）,自燃的程度如何（how）,自燃火源的位置（where）。因此,本论文主要针对上述三个关键难题,从实验室研究、现场实测研究开发了新的防灭火技术装备及材料,并成功地进行了现场应用。本文根据现场实际条件,利用自行研制的煤自燃与测氡实验台,模拟现场蓄热情况、漏风状况、浮煤粒度和厚度,依靠煤体自身氧化放热升温,并跟踪测定整个过程中温度和气体的变化情况,对神东矿区康家滩煤样自燃过程进行了实验研究和分析,首次提出了煤自然发火当量强度的概念,并应用MSC.NASTRAN高型通用有限元结构分析软件对煤自燃温度场进行了数值分析,实时动态模拟了温度场的变化情况,测定了煤在达到燃点时的自然发火当量强度。在国内外首次应用CFD技术研究采空区自燃危险区域,自主开发了井下移动式火灾气体束管采样系统。利用CFD模拟技术,对神东矿区补连塔31401综采工作面采空区气体进行了长期观测,结合SF₆示踪气体测定采空区流场和漏风状况,得出采空区气体流场的运移规律及采空区自燃“三带”。开发了相应的防灭火装备及材料,并在自然发火严重的矿区进行了应用,主要有井下移动式火灾气体束管采样装备,解决了全矿井束管监测系统难于维护的难题;开发的地面钻孔测温仪和气体采样装备解决了灭火过程中孔温度的测定、气体信息采集的难题;井下钻孔测温仪采用无电源设计可监测煤壁及采空区内部温度;井下移动式灭火凝胶泵为井下局部灭火提供了设备支持和技术保障。首次将聚氨酯弹性体防水堵漏材料应用于矿井进行漏风堵漏。在矿用聚氨酯弹性体堵漏材料性能研究的基础上,确定了聚氨酯弹性体的组成配比及抗静电剂种类,利用表面处理后的纳米SiO₂和TiO₂对聚氨酯弹性体进行改性处理,制备了增强增韧的聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料。并对聚氨酯弹性体纳米复合材料进行了X射线衍射（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、红外光谱（FT-IR）、热重（TGA）的表征,以及疏水性、力学性能和阻燃性能的测试。获得了力学性能优良,具有抗静电功能和阻燃功能的纳米改性聚氨酯弹性体并将其成功应用于井下,取得了良好的堵漏效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The spontaneous combustion of coal, one of the serious disasters in coal mine, threatens people’s personal safety and property seriously, affects the social stability and has been hindering the sustainable development of coal industry.The key technology of the prevention and extinguishment of spontaneous combustion in coal seam is made up of 3 parts: early predictation, precise detection of fire’s position and information check of fire area. It mainly resolves following three issues: when the spontaneous combustion happens （short for "WHEN"）, how badly the spontaneous combustion is （short for "HOW"）, and where the position of spontaneous combustion is （short for "WHERE"）. Aiming at the above three issues is paper investigated the new equipments and materials for prevention and extinguishment of spontaneous combustion of coal, which have been successfully applied to coal mines.Based on the actual scene conditions, using self-developed coal spontaneous combustion and radon measurements stand, the paper simulated the heat accumulation, air leakage conditions, granularity and thickness of floating coal, tracked and measured the variation of temperature and gas of the whole process of exothermic oxidation heating. The paper investigated and analyzed the spontaneous combustion of coal sample from Kangjiatan coal mine, Shendong mining area, and firstly proposed the term of "coal spontaneous combustion equivalent intensity". The temperature field of coal spontaneous combustion was dynamically simulated, and the value of coal spontaneous combustion equivalent intensity was determined by using MSC.NASTRAN high general finite element structure analysis software.Computational Fluid Dynamics （CFD） was firstly used at home and abroad to investigate the dangerous spontaneous combustion area in mining-out section. A mobile mine shaft fire gas beam pipe sampling system was developed independently. Based on the long-term continuous observation on the gas in mining-out section on 31401 fully-mechanized working face, the gas flow field and the air leak condition were measured by using tracing gas SF₆, thereby the moving rule of gas flow field in mining-out section and the spontaneous combustion "three areas" in mining-out section were obtained.This paper developed fire-prevention equipments and materials, which have been used in many serious spontaneous combustion mines, such as "mobile underground fire gas beam pipes sampling equipment" to overcome the difficulties in maintenance of the entire of mine beam pipe monitoring system, "ground drilling thermometer and gas sampling equipment" to overcome the difficulties in hole temperature measurement in fire area and gas information collection, "underground drilling thermometer" to measure the coal wall temperature and internal temperature in the mining-out section with no power supply, and "underground mobile fire-fighting gel pump" to provide technical support for the local fire fighting.Polyurethane elastomer （PUE） was firstly applied to mining coal roadway as air leak resistance and sealing material. On the basis of the investigation of mechanical properties of PUE, the composition of PUE and antistatic agent were determined. The reinforced and toughened PUE nanocomposite was obtained by adding surface modified TiO₂ and SiO₂ nanoparticles. The modified PUE was characterized in terms of morphology, particle size, crystal structure and thermal stability by field-emission scanning electron microscopy （FESEM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, infrared spectroscopy （IR） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. Its mechanical properties and flame-retardant performance were also tested. The results show that the modified PUE nanocomposites were antistatic and flame-retardant with super mechanical properties. The modified PUE was successfully applied to the mines and showed super air-leak sealing effect.更多还原