【作者】 李平；

【导师】 池元吉；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 世界经济， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 多边贸易协议从关贸总协定(GATT)发展到世界贸易组织(WTO),已经成为第二次世界大战后和平、发展与合作时代国际经济体系的重要组成部分,其自身也有了空前的发展,目前已经有151个国家和地区签订了WTO协议。但随着成员结构的变化,发展中国家成员的成熟,WTO的内在矛盾也日益突出。WTO还有没有存在的必要,其发展的前景如何,日益引起人们的广泛关注。本文借鉴国内外对GATT/WTO及其相关问题的研究成果,从WTO对GATT的继承与发展、弘扬了和平、发展与合作的时代主旋律、为后进国家经济振兴提供契机、为实现世界经济一体化开辟了现实途径等方面探讨了WTO及其协议的重大现实意义与历史意义。WTO是相当健全的国际贸易和经济关系的协商和协调机构。它继承了GATT的基本精神、基本原则和基本成果,提高了全球经济发展的规范性和可预见性,推动了全球经济的增长。其协议还特别提出了反映发展中国家利益的允许例外和差别待遇原则,使发展中国家受益较大。WTO及其协议日益成为涉及经济生活各个领域的综合性的国际组织和规则,它提供的解决国际争端的途径和方法,不仅为缓解和解决国际争端提供了可能,而且也为世界经济一体化的实现,开辟了现实道路。WTO体制在前进中也面临诸多的问题。如发达国家利用WTO的弱点扩大自身利益、民族利益冲突导致洽谈难度增大、开放体制导致金融危机和生态危机扩散等。中国作为发展中大国,首先要以积极的态度和在这个体制中求生存、谋发展。同时,作为一个贸易大国,还要为这个体制的建设做出自己的贡献,既要做好参与者,协调者,更要成为建设者。在面对WTO其它成员的时候,更应关注发展中成员的利益,协调发展中国家和发达国家的矛盾。更多还原

【Abstract】 International trade is the basic way for economic ties between the countries in the world and the important method to promote the modern economic development. The formation and development of WTO and its agreements not only mark a new stage of international trade development, in a certain sense, with the centre of consultation, coordination and trade development, also provide new approaches to deal with international economic, political ,social and cultural relations. They set a milestone for consolidating and promoting the new era of peace and development and building a harmonious coexistence world. The formation and performance of WTO and its agreements will undoubtedly change the trade patterns and decide the future economic development direction, which is essential to various regions of the world, especially to the developing countries. With the passage of time and the deeper study, the theoretical and practical significance of WTO and its agreements is becoming more and more clear.From a macro perspective and the high degree of economic globalization and world economic integration, with the topic of WTO begins a new epoch in international relations, this paper strives to make a more comprehensive, forward-looking and innovative assessment on historical and practical significance of WTO and its agreements.This paper launches the elaboration from literature review, basic research, efficacy study, open study, relevance study and countermeasure reseach. Chapter I Introduction: this chapter presents the topic background and the purpose of the study. In addition, the present situation of the domestic and international related issues is reviewed and summarized. The basic ideas and research methods are discussed.Chapter II Basic research: on the inheritance and development of WTO and its agreement from GATT perspective, this chapter carries out a comprehensive and systematical evaluation, which lays foundation for the following chapters. From the framework of WTO and its agreements, we can see that the WTO is a very sound organization and WTO agreements are a comprehensive agreements in international trade and the consultation and coordination of economic relations .They are international organization and agreements with the longest time brewing in history, the most participants, the widest field, the most detailed contents, the most extensive impact. WTO inherited the basic practices and principles of GATT. The main spirit of relevant WTO agreements and the new trade liberalization agreements reached with that of "General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade". In this chapter, the formation, operation, performance and the main limits of GATT are analyzed. The process of WTO from GATT is discussed and the WTO’s basic spirit and principles are displayed in a comprehensive and systematic way, laying theoretical and realistic basis for the following study.Chapter III Efficacy study: WTO consolidates peace and development the main theme of the times. From the change of times theme after World War II and the new aspects of international political and economic relations, this chapter evaluates GATT and WTO agreements’great contributions to the development of world’s political and economic relations and each country’s economy. After World War II, the reduction and elimination of international disputes and establishment of a mechanism for settling international disputes are the urgent requirements of the times and the earnest hope of people in the world. WTO and its agreements are increasingly becoming a comprehensive and international organization and agreements, involved in all areas of economic life, thus are crucial in resolving international disputes. The means of settling disputes provided by WTO are very creative and authoritative. In addition, as an arbitrative body to solve the disputes and related matters and the forum to safeguard members’rights and interests, WTO is playing a key role in the change from a power-based to a rule-based in international trade relations and the change from disorder to the order in international sequence. It has provided a framework to build more open, fair international economic relations with mutual benefit, accommodation and trust, also made significant contributions to promote a new era of with the main theme of peace, development and cooperation.Chapter IV Open research: with WTO providing an opportunity to rise developing countries, this chapter displays the outstanding contributions of post-war multilateral trading system. It can be said that so far WTO has been the most advanced, comprehensive and opening-up mode. In today’s world, human society’s peace and happiness are inseparable from the development and stability of developing countries. WTO agreements, as a multilateral trading system, consist of non-discrimination principle, including the most-favored-nation (MFN) and national treatment principle, tariff and non-tariff reductions, as well as the principal of full market access, such as an open market and fair trade principles and transparency principle ensuring publication of trade-related laws and regulations. The agreements also put forward the allowing exceptions and differential treatment principle, that is, in certain special circumstances, the member in fulfilling its obligations could enjoy this exceptional and differential treatment, which mainly reflects the interests of developing countries. This principle is not set specifically for the developing countries, but is beneficial great to them. Although these principles are not specific enough, often resisted by some developed countries, it has established new ideas and a new direction in the development of international economic relations and has brought some benefits to the economic and trade development in developing countries. After World War II, that more and more new economies have emerged in developing countries is the best example.Chapter V Relevance study: this chapter illustrates that WTO has explored a realistic way to achieve world economic integration. GATT / WTO and its agreements not only offer a place and establish a mechanism to solve international disputes, but also pave the way for world economic integration, which is a fundamental way to eliminate international disputes in the future. At the same time, WTO promotes the permanent peace and commonprosperity in the world as the basis of the harmonious world. And all the countries cooperate to solve the common problems to make the harmonious world target come true in future.Chapter VI Countermeasure research: as the saying goes, every coin has two sides. According to the problems confronted by WTO agreements at the core, this chapter clarifies a correct view of the main problems in WTO development and the strategy China ought to hold. That is to say, we should neither pessimistic about these problems nor underestimate them. Take China as an example, China’s all-round development of seven years after entrance to WTO demonstrates the dramatic impact of WTO and its agreements in developing countries. Chinese peaceful development does not pose a threat to the world but special make contributions to the world. As a large developing country, China should adopt a positive attitude and effective measures to survive and seek development in this system. At the same time, as a big trading country, China should also make its own contributions to construct this system, not only as a participant and coordinator, but also a builder. Facing with other members of the WTO, we should be more concerned about the interests of developing members, coordinate conflict between developing and developed countries. It is necessary for China to play a leading and regulative role in WTO, enhance the ability to withstand shocks, strengthen supervision and complete the strategic shift from bringing in to going out.更多还原