【作者】 王艳芳；

【导师】 杨柏；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 高分子化学与物理， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 功能材料的广泛应用越来越成为现代社会发展动力之一,而众多材料功能的实现都依赖其小型化和微观有序化的工艺发展。近来,模板自组装技术为解决图案化技术面临的挑战提供了具有潜力的解决方案,推动了物理、化学和生物学等学科的交叉和深入发展。在本文中,我们利用微接触印刷技术构造了聚苯乙烯有序膜层的表面,并应用这种表面作为可牺牲的模板,构造了表面图案化和自支持的碗状氧化锌纳米粒子。在此基础上,我们改变模板的化学性质,选用聚乙烯醇孔状膜层作为模板,实现了点阵形貌从圆形到多角形的变化。通过调控聚乙烯醇孔状模板的参数和一些实验条件,我们可以制备形貌可控的氧化锌图案化微结构。最后,我们以聚乙烯醇为模型体系,详细探讨了热处理时聚合物形貌发生变化的机理。总之,利用聚合物特有的热学性质,我们构筑了具有特异形貌的有机/无机有序微结构。为研究尺寸、形貌及表面性质等对材料光、电、磁等性质的影响提供了新思路。更多还原

【Abstract】 The widely application of functional materials has become more and more important for modern society. The realization of the functionalities of many materials relies on the development of miniaturization and patterning capability. In former studies, researchers found that template-assisted fabrication approach showed enormous potential. Methods based on the desired and controllable masks and templates for fabricating versatile patterns have been more flexible and practiced among all methods for achieving ordered arrays and patterns on the desirable surfaces. In addition, the techniques for the desired arrays and patterns and their corresponding applications in the broad fields will drive the further extension and intersection between the sciences of chemistry, physics, and biology and so on.In chapter 2, we reported an alternative strategy for fabricating surface-patterned and free-standing ZnO nanobowls by using polystyrene (PS) films with spherical nanowell arrays (PFSNA) as templates. By simple dip-coating and calcination processes, isolated ZnO nanobowls can be obtained on silicon substrates directly. Subsequent wet-chemical etching generated free-standing ZnO nanobowl structures. The ability to generate surface-patterned and free-standing nanostructures offers new opportunities to synthesis more complex structures in material science. In chapter 3, we demonstrated a facile and effective method to fabricate polygonal ZnO nanobowls by using spherical poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanowell arrays as templates. Shape transition of the arrays from spherical to nonspherical was induced by thermal deformation of the PVA nanowell templates. Hexagonal, square and triangular ZnO nanobowls have been successfully prepared, and more complex polygonal structures could be prepared by easily tuning the geometry lattice of the PVA nanowell templates. This strategy can also be used for other functional materials ranging from oxides to metals. Such structures may be useful in applications of shape-dependent optical, biological, and magnetic materials and devices.In chapter 4, we studied the detail mechanism of thermal degradation of the PVA films. Thermal degradation of the polymer responds for shape transition from circular to noncircular. We can easily tune the morphology of the polymeric films by selecting thermal degradation temperature of PVA. The polymer films with special morphology can be used as templates to fabricate functional materials with transformative photonic, magnetic, and hydrophobic or hydrophilic attributes.更多还原