【作者】 单奇华；

【导师】 俞元春；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 水土保持与荒漠化防治， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 南京城市林业上层(0~20cm)土壤的容重偏大,孔隙度和通气度小,土壤紧实。城市林业土壤质地类型以粉壤土为主,占60.42%。城市林业土壤以中性土和碱性土为主。土壤的有机质和全氮含量都偏低且成线性正相关(r=0.93,P<0.01),都以城郊天然林上层土壤的含量最高。有效磷在城区林业土壤中富集,在城郊天然林土壤中明显缺乏,土壤速效钾富集。城市林业土壤的阳离子交换量较高。土壤的微生物生物量分布不均且测定值偏低。土壤上层过氧化氢酶、脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶和纤维素酶活性的平均值分别为0.25ml/g、31.38mg/g、16.7mg/kg和0.0018mg/g,下层分别为0.31ml/g、20.91mg/g、9.5mg/kg和0.014mg/g。南京市城市林业土壤的可蚀性因子K值普遍偏大,而水稳性指数和渗透性偏小,土壤属于高易蚀土。选取容重、质地、pH值、有机质、速效钾和纤维素酶活性6个指标,组成评价城市林业土壤肥力质量的最小数据集。城市林业土壤综合肥力系数(Q)变幅为0.85~1.51,平均为1.19。其中,土壤肥力属于“差”(Q<1.0)一级的占6.82%;属于“中”(1.0≤Q<1.5)一级的占90.91%;属于“良”(1.5≤Q<2.0)一级的占2.27%。城市林业土壤质量管理数据库建立了一个数据库和两个数据表,开发了四个应用模块,一个系统主菜单,一个系统主表单和一个帮助模块。更多还原

【Abstract】 The bulk density of soil from 0~20cm was high, while the porocity and aeration were low. The main types of soil texture were silt loam which accounts for 60.42%, silt, silty clay loam, loam, loamy sand, and sandy loam. The types of soil was dominated by neutral and alkaline soil. Soil organic matter and total nitrogen had a close relationship(r=0.93,P<0.01), both of which were low in urban forest soil. Soil available phosphorus was enriched in incity forest soil but lacking in suburban natural forest soil. Soil available potassium was enriched generally. Cation exchange capacity(CEC) of soil was high.Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic) was low and distributed irregularly. The mean values of hydrogen peroxidase, dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and cellulase activities were 0.25ml/g, 31.38mg/g, 16.7mg/kg, and 0.0018mg/g, respectively in 0~20cm soils, and 0.31ml/g, 20.91mg/g, 9.5mg/kg, and 0.014mg/g, respectively in 20~40cm soils. Soil types, organic matter, and total nitrogen had great effect on hydrogen peroxidase activities. Organic matter and total nitrogen were positively correlated with dehydrogenase activities.Erodibility K value of urban forest soil was high, but soil and water stable index and permeability were low. Urban forest soil has week erosion-resistant capacity and is easy to erode and loss.Bulk density, texture, pH, organic matter, available potassium, and cellulase activities were selected to constitute minimum data set(MDS) for quality assessment of urban forest soil. The range of modified Nemoro index(Q) of urban forest soil was 0.85~1.51, and mean value was 1.19. The percentage of Q<1.0, 1.0≤Q<1.5, and 1.5≤Q<2.0 were 6.82, 90.91, and 2.27, respectively.Urban forest soil quality management database consisted of a database named soil quality assessment indicators, two datum tables named soil information and user information respectively, four application module named system login, information management, information view, and user management respectively, a system main menu, a system main form, and a help module.更多还原