【作者】 陈冠林；

【导师】 周福生；

【作者基本信息】 广州中医药大学 ， 中西医结合临床， 2008， 博士

【摘要】 中药药性理论是中药学理论的核心部分,是中药学的灵魂,是中医学、中药学衔接的桥梁,是临床应用的纲领,是保持中医特色、发挥中医优势的关键环节。中药是一种客观实在,药性是其本质属性的主观反映,药性理论是性、味、归经等要素相互关联的复杂理论。中药药性理论的认识和论定,是前人在长期实践中对为数众多的药物的各种性质及其医疗作用的了解与认识不断深化,在传统中医学、中药学理论指导下进而加以概括和总结出来的的应用体系。主要内容包括四气、五味、归经、升降浮沉、毒性等。学术界普遍认为,中药药性与西药一样是由其化学结构决定的,研究中药药性必须要研究中药药物构性、构效关系。学术界对中药药性的物质基础这一问题的研究明显滞后。长期以来,国内外虽对中药化学结构、提取分离有效成分、药理实验作了大量研究,但恰恰与中药药性理论之核心四气五味少有结合。自上世纪50年代起,学术界企图探索中药药性理论的物质基础,但是,至今没有找出在中药性味与化学成分关系上的贯穿整体、化解矛盾、统一判断的标准,中药药性物质基础仍是一个没有解开的谜。“中药药性理论”属于非线性的复杂性关联体系,具有重大的理论和应用价值,相对于“物质决定功能”的观点,“中药药性理论”似乎更侧重于“关系决定功能”,即在重视各种因素作用的同时,更强调各因素在整体中的作用与联系。因此,“中药药性理论”研究中更多是复杂的非线性现象。而元素之间、子系统之间的非线性相互作用,则是系统产生复杂性的重要内在机制。建立符合现代科学认知规律的中药药性表征体系及其规范标准,不仅可为临床用药和实验研究提供理论指导,也将极大地促进中药新资源的开发利用,为现代中药开发研究开辟广阔的前景,并成为保持中医药特色与优势、提高中医临床疗效的重要支撑和保障。目前,从系统观、信息结构、复杂性的角度,探索生命现象与疾病的本质已成为国际生命科学领域的前沿和热点。在这样的科技背景下,课题组认为要揭示“中药药性理论”的科学内涵,必须将“中药药性理论”这一复杂的大系统放在一种全新的思维与方法中来研究的。开辟一个以中医药理论为指导,引入数学建模方法,沟通中医药整体思维与定量科学的新方法。探索走“中药药性理论”研究和基础数学理论紧密结合的道路,运用数学语言阐释“中药药性理论”固有的科学内涵,构建符合中药药性理论的“中药药性信息编码体系”。课题组认为“中药药性理论”这个复杂的巨系统难以用数学描述,究其根本原因,主要包括:①中药药性理论的描述存在大量的自然语言,具有抽象性与模糊性等特点,例如“四气”、“五味”“归经”等词,完全是中药药性理论中所特有的概念,中药药性理论基本停留在自然语言的信息存储阶段;②传统数学和传统数据库技术,在这些问题的解决上遇到了巨大障碍,从而导致中药药性理论难以完成从语义和概念到数字化、从离散化到结构化,以及从经验模型到数学模型的跨越。为了解决“中药药性理论”数字化、信息化过程遇到的障碍,课题组通过整理历代主要的本草古籍,初步规范中药四气、五味、归经、功效、剂量、毒性等记载,建立中药药性素材库。以功效为核心和纽带,进行基于“知识本体”传统功效语义的综合还原分析,建立中药功效知识元概念库。以中药药性信息表达为重点,注重四气、五味、归经与功效内在关联规律的研究。率先创立了“药性模块分解法”将中药四气、五味、归经、功效概念知识元解构、关联成药性信息元,编制“中药药性信息元分布表。构建药性信息元“位势模型”,运用药性信息元“位势模型”中“量、位、势”等概念阐释剂量与功效、毒性之间的内在关联。从方剂性味配伍的角度挖掘历代名医的制方思维,为中药药性OUA码之间的运算提供算法规则,使“君、臣、佐、使”的研究具有定性、定量的双重内涵。同时,运用OUA空间编码理论给药性信息元“位势模型”编码,构建“中药药性OUA编码体系”,使“中药药性理论”实现数字化、信息的有序化和系统化。实现“中药药性理论”以文字描述为主过渡到所有数据、信息表示、存储、处理都是数字型的,都是计算机可以解读与表达的,在此基础上构建“中药药性OUA信息平台”,为中药新药、复方开发创新理论和技术平台。“中药药性OUA编码体系”、“中药药性OUA信息平台”的构建将是中药药性理论在理论和技术上的一次革命,不仅可以从根本上解决制约中药发展的方法与技术手段问题,同时也可以解决长期困扰中医药的“继承与创新”问题。用数字化技术手段完整重现与认识中药,本身就是对中药最好的继承,重现得越完整,继承的水平就越高。数字信息的易保存、不失真等特性,可以使中药得以保持与延续;在重现的过程中,利用数字做到深层次的利用、对隐含知识的发现与利用,这又是最好的创新。同时,对中医药国际化也有积极的作用,国际化主要是语言问题,数字是国际通用语言,中药如果真正做到了数字化,也就达到了国际化。而数字化也是中药现代化的必由之路,因为它是支撑中药学发展的关键技术。更多还原

【Abstract】 Property theory of herbal medicine is the key part and the soul of Chinese materia medica theory,besides it’s convergence of the bridge between traditional Chinese medicine and Chinese materia med-ica, futhermore it’s the primary principles of clinical applications,and as far as we know that it also plays a key role in maintaining herbalism’s characteristics and developing herbalism’s advantages.H-erbal medicine is impersonal existence,meanwhile the Property of medicine is a subjective reflection of its basic characteristics.Proper-ty theory of herbal medicine is sophisticated theory involving elements like property, taste,meridian tropism,and their interrelationship.Property theory of herbal medicine is knew and defined basing on Predecessors’ developing understanding of the character and treating function of numerous herbal medicine in longtime practice,until now it’s becoming an application system which is summarized under the instruction of traditional herbalism and Chinese materia medica’s theories.It mainly includes four properties of medicinal herbs(si qi),five tastes of medicinal herbs (wu wei),meridian tropism,lifting,lowering,floating,sinking, toxicity,and so on.Academia generally recognizes that property of herbal medicine is determined by its chemic construction as Western medicine does,and property of herbal medicine researchers have to pay enough attention to the following important elements like the structure and performance of herbal medicine as well as the connection between structure and efficacy of herbal medicine.Academia apparently lags behind on researches about the substantial basic of property of herbal medicine.For a long time, domestic and foreign scholars have been doing a lot of researches on chemic construction of herbal medicine,also have finished a lot of extracting and separating effective component and pharmacodynamics experiments.However,they were hardly integrated with four properties of medicinal herbs(si qi)and five tastes of medicinal herbs(wuwei)whichare the core of property theory of herbal medicine.Since 1950s,academia has tried to find out the substantial basic of property theory of herbal medicine,but criterions which base on the relationship of herbal medicine’s character and chemic components,goes through a whole,settles contradictions and unifies estimations,are still not found.Therefore,the substantial basic of property of herbal medicine is still an unsolved puzzle.Property theory of herbal medicine is a misaligned and complex associated system.It has great value in theoretics and applications. Property theory of herbal medicine seems to focus on "relation determines functions",comparing to the point of "substance determines functions", that is to say it regards the effects of every kind of elements,and at the same time,it emphasizes the effect and relation of each element among a whole.Therefore,in property theory of herbal medicine,misaligned phenomenon is researched more.The misaligned interaction among elements and subsystems is the important inherent mechanism that leads to system’s complexity.To build an expression system and criteria of property of herbal medicine that accord with modern scientific recognizing laws not only can offer theoretic instructions for clinical medication and experimental researches,but also can stimulate new herbal medicine’ s development,open a broad view for modern herbal medicine’s development and retain herbal medicine’s characteristics and advantages.Nowtimes,from a systematically,structural information’s and complexity perspective to do researches on exploring life phenomenon and disease is becoming the leading edge and hotspot in international life science field. In this science and technology background,we believe that we have to perform most of our researches on property theory of herbal medicine which is a very complex system with a brandnew thought and method,so that we can find out the scientific connotation of property theory of herbal medicine.We present a new method that is instructed by herbal medicine theory,and brings in the method with constructing mathematic models,then connects herbal medicine’s integrated thoughts with fixing quantify science.We are trying to knit property theory of herbal medicine and basic mathematics theories together,apply mathematical language to explain the inherent scientific connotation of property theory of herbal medicine, and construct an information expression system of property of herbal medicine that accords with property theory of herbal medicine.Our group considers that property theory of herbal medicine which is a huge complex system is hard to be described by mathematics.The reasons mainly include:①The description of property theory of herbal medicine inclues a large amount of natural languages,which is abstract and blurry, such as four properties of medicinal herbs(si qi),five tastes of medicinal herbs(wu wei),and meridian tropism,which are particular concepts of property theory of herbal medicine.Property theory of herbal medicine basically stay at the stage of storing natural language information;②There are many difficulties when we use Traditional mathematics and data-base technology to solve the problems above,which makes the theory of property of herbal medicine hard to finish the great change from semantics and concepts to digitization,dispersing to structuring,and from empirical models to mathematical models.In order to solve the problemsexist in digitizing and informationizing the property theory of herbal medicine,our research group have built up a material library for property of herbal medicine,after we worked up nearlly all of the primary herbal ancient books,and preliminarily specified four properties of medicinal herbs(si qi),five tastes of medicinal herbs(wu wei),meridian tropism,efficacy,dosage,and toxicity in herbal medicine.Under the integrated reduction and analysis of traditional efficacy semantics basing "information noumenon",we have built up the conception base of efficacy of herbal medicine with efficacy as the core and tache.We attach most importance to the expression of property of herbal medicine,and pay attention to researches of the inherent related rules of four properties of medicinal herbs(si qi), five tastes of medicinal herbs(wu wei),meridian tropism,and efficacy. We take the lead in promoting methods used to separating the models of herbal medicine’s property,in which we decompose the structure of the conception of herbal medicine’s four properties of medicinal herbs(si qi),five tastes of medicinal herbs(wu wei),meridian tropism,and efficacy,draw up tables about the information of distribution of property of herbal medicine,build the model of localization and function of herbal medicine,and use the concepts of dosage,localization,and function in this model to explain the inherent relationship of dosage,efficacy,and toxicity.We excavate the thoughts of many famous ancient doctors in creating prescriptions from the angle of formulas’ property and taste blendig and offer algorithm regulations for the calculations among the OUA codes of property of herbal medicine.We make the researches of principal(jun),adjuvant(chen),assistant(zuo)and guide(shi) have double connotation of characterization and quantification.At the same time,we use OUA space coding theory to code for the model of localization and function of herbal medicine,and build "OUA code system of property of herbal medicine" which implements digitization and information’ s ordering and systematization for Property theory of herbal medicine.We actualize the transit of primary character description to digitization of all data,information presentation,memories and process which can be read and express by computers.Basing this,we built "OUA information platform of property of herbal medicine",and develop innovation theory and technology platform for new herbal medicine and composite formulas."OUA code system of property of herbal medicine" and "OUA information platform of property of herbal medicine" are revolutions in theoretics and technology of Property theory of herbal medicine.They not only can fundamentally solve the methods and technical instruments problems that restrict herbal medicine’s development,but also can solve the problems of "inheritance and innovation" that puzzles herbal medicine researchers for a long time.It’s the best inheritance to recur and recognize herbal medicine integrally with digitization technical instruments.The more integrally we recur,the higher-level inheritance will reach.Digital information is easy to preserve and will not distort, which make herbal medicine retain and last out.In the process of recurring, it’s the best innovation to utilize deeply using digital and discover and apply latent knowledge.At the same time,this will play an active role in the internationalization of herbal medicine.At present,the primary problem of internationalization is the languages,but digital is the international general language.If herbal medicine implements digitization,it will achieve internationalization.Futhermore,since it’s the key technology supporting the development of herbal medicine, digitization would be the only way for modernization of herbal medicine.更多还原